TY - GEN
T1 - Hybridization Impact on Emissions for Hydrogen Fuel-Cell/Turbo-Electric Aircraft
AU - Waddington, Elias G.
AU - Jois, Himavath
AU - Lauer, Matthew G.
AU - Patel, Yogi
AU - Ansell, Phillip J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - This paper presents an analysis of the trade-off between emissions and fuel consumption for a single-aisle hybrid-electric transport-category aircraft with an entry-into-service date of 2050 with a mission capability comparable to a Boeing 737-800. The aircraft hybrid power system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen-burning gas turbine generator, with the power provided at varying hybridization factors. This generation system provides electric power that drives ducted propulsors distributed across the aircraft. The fuel cell and turboshaft powerplant performance is modeled and key performance parameters are passed to a genetic algorithm for optimization. A Pareto front is presented that demonstrates the impact of hybridization factor, or the proportion of power that comes from the turbine or fuel cell, on emission and fuel consumption. Two proton exchange membrane fuel cell cases were evaluated: a low-temperature, contemporary system with specific power of 1 kW/kg and a projected, high temperature system with specific power of 2.7 kW/kg. The contemporary system showed a distinct variability in environmental outcomes and fuel requirements with changing hybridization factor, demonstrating the possibility of hybridization for minimizing fuel consumption or environmental outcomes. For the projected high temperature fuel cell case, the design space demonstrated that an aircraft powered fully by fuel cells produces both the minimum fuel requirement and environmental impact. Additionally, lifecycle analysis is performed for the production of liquid hydrogen fuel using steam methane reformation and electrolysis pathways. This analysis demonstrates that production pathway and grid composition dominate total well-to-wake emissions for hydrogen-powered aircraft.
AB - This paper presents an analysis of the trade-off between emissions and fuel consumption for a single-aisle hybrid-electric transport-category aircraft with an entry-into-service date of 2050 with a mission capability comparable to a Boeing 737-800. The aircraft hybrid power system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen-burning gas turbine generator, with the power provided at varying hybridization factors. This generation system provides electric power that drives ducted propulsors distributed across the aircraft. The fuel cell and turboshaft powerplant performance is modeled and key performance parameters are passed to a genetic algorithm for optimization. A Pareto front is presented that demonstrates the impact of hybridization factor, or the proportion of power that comes from the turbine or fuel cell, on emission and fuel consumption. Two proton exchange membrane fuel cell cases were evaluated: a low-temperature, contemporary system with specific power of 1 kW/kg and a projected, high temperature system with specific power of 2.7 kW/kg. The contemporary system showed a distinct variability in environmental outcomes and fuel requirements with changing hybridization factor, demonstrating the possibility of hybridization for minimizing fuel consumption or environmental outcomes. For the projected high temperature fuel cell case, the design space demonstrated that an aircraft powered fully by fuel cells produces both the minimum fuel requirement and environmental impact. Additionally, lifecycle analysis is performed for the production of liquid hydrogen fuel using steam methane reformation and electrolysis pathways. This analysis demonstrates that production pathway and grid composition dominate total well-to-wake emissions for hydrogen-powered aircraft.
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U2 - 10.2514/6.2023-3873
DO - 10.2514/6.2023-3873
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85200247601
SN - 9781624107047
T3 - AIAA Aviation and Aeronautics Forum and Exposition, AIAA AVIATION Forum 2023
BT - AIAA Aviation and Aeronautics Forum and Exposition, AIAA AVIATION Forum 2023
PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA
T2 - AIAA Aviation and Aeronautics Forum and Exposition, AIAA AVIATION Forum 2023
Y2 - 12 June 2023 through 16 June 2023
ER -