TY - JOUR
T1 - Hot Spot Chemistry in Several Polymer-Bound Explosives under Nanosecond Shock Conditions
AU - Bassett, Will P.
AU - Johnson, Belinda P.
AU - Dlott, Dana D.
N1 - The research described in this study is based on work at the University of Illinois, supported by the Department of Energy (subcontract from Lawrence Livermore Laboratory) under awards LLNL B626875 and LLNL B631306, the US Army Research Office under award W911NF-19-1-0037, and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award FA9550-16-1-0042. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and was supported by the LLNL-LDRD Program under Project No. 18-SI-004. Belinda P. Johnson acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE-1144245 and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation's Minority Ph.D. (MPHD) Program, awarded in 2016. SEM images were collected in the Materials Research Laboratory Central Research Facilities at UIUC. CT data were taken at the Microscopy Suite at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at UIUC.
The research described in this study is based on work at the University of Illinois, supported by the Department of Energy (subcontract from Lawrence Livermore Laboratory) under awards LLNL B626875 and LLNL B631306, the US Army Research Office under award W911NF‐19‐1‐0037, and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award FA9550‐16‐1‐0042. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE‐AC52‐07NA27344 and was supported by the LLNL‐LDRD Program under Project No. 18‐SI‐004. Belinda P. Johnson acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE‐1144245 and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation's Minority Ph.D. (MPHD) Program, awarded in 2016. SEM images were collected in the Materials Research Laboratory Central Research Facilities at UIUC. CT data were taken at the Microscopy Suite at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at UIUC.
PY - 2020/2/1
Y1 - 2020/2/1
N2 - Initial hot spot temperatures and temperature evolutions for 4 polymer-bound explosives under shock compression by laser-driven flyer plates at speeds from 1.5–4.5 km s−1 are presented. A new averaging routine allows for improved signal to noise in shock compressed impactor experiments and yields temperature dynamics which are more accurate than has been previously available. The PBX formulations studied here consist of either pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), or 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) in a 80/20 wt.% mixture with a silicone elastomer binder. The temperature dynamics demonstrate a unique shock strength dependence for each base explosive. The initial hot spot temperature and its evolution in time are shown to be indicative of chemistry occurring within the reaction zone of the four explosives. The number density of hot spots is qualitatively inferred from the spatially-averaged emissivity and appears to increase exponentially with shock strength. An increased emissivity for formulations consisting of TNT and TATB is consistent with carbon-rich explosives and in increased hot spot volume. Qualitative conclusions about sensitivity were drawn from the initial hot spot temperature and rate at which the number of hot spots appear to grow.
AB - Initial hot spot temperatures and temperature evolutions for 4 polymer-bound explosives under shock compression by laser-driven flyer plates at speeds from 1.5–4.5 km s−1 are presented. A new averaging routine allows for improved signal to noise in shock compressed impactor experiments and yields temperature dynamics which are more accurate than has been previously available. The PBX formulations studied here consist of either pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), or 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) in a 80/20 wt.% mixture with a silicone elastomer binder. The temperature dynamics demonstrate a unique shock strength dependence for each base explosive. The initial hot spot temperature and its evolution in time are shown to be indicative of chemistry occurring within the reaction zone of the four explosives. The number density of hot spots is qualitatively inferred from the spatially-averaged emissivity and appears to increase exponentially with shock strength. An increased emissivity for formulations consisting of TNT and TATB is consistent with carbon-rich explosives and in increased hot spot volume. Qualitative conclusions about sensitivity were drawn from the initial hot spot temperature and rate at which the number of hot spots appear to grow.
KW - Emission Spectra
KW - PBX
KW - PETN
KW - Pyrometry
KW - RDX
KW - TATB
KW - TNT
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075376838&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1002/prep.201900249
DO - 10.1002/prep.201900249
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85075376838
SN - 0721-3115
VL - 45
SP - 338
EP - 346
JO - Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
JF - Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
IS - 2
ER -