TY - JOUR
T1 - High-resolution impedance mapping using electrically activated quantitative phase imaging
AU - Polonschii, Cristina
AU - Gheorghiu, Mihaela
AU - David, Sorin
AU - Gáspár, Szilveszter
AU - Melinte, Sorin
AU - Majeed, Hassaan
AU - Kandel, Mikhail E.
AU - Popescu, Gabriel
AU - Gheorghiu, Eugen
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the Romanian Executive Unit for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding for funding through Grants ERANET Euronanomed (NanoLight, 135), Permed (POC4Allergies, 138), ERANET-M-(SmartMatter, 173). The support of the Attract project funded by the EC (HORIZON 2020 – Grant Agreement no. 777222) is gratefully acknowledged. The support of Fonds européen de développement régional (FEDER) and the Walloon region under the Operational Program “Wallonia-2020. EU” (project CLEARPOWER) is gratefully acknowledged. G.P., M.E.K., H.M., received funding from EBICS (US NSF, 0939511). In addition, M.E.K. is supported by MBM (US NSF, NRT-UtB, 1735252). G.P. is grateful to NSF (0939511) and NIH (R01-GM129709 and R01-CA238191).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - Retrieving electrical impedance maps at the nanoscale rapidly via nondestructive inspection with a high signal-to-noise ratio is an unmet need, likely to impact various applications from biomedicine to energy conversion. In this study, we develop a multimodal functional imaging instrument that is characterized by the dual capability of impedance mapping and phase quantitation, high spatial resolution, and low temporal noise. To achieve this, we advance a quantitative phase imaging system, referred to as epi-magnified image spatial spectrum microscopy combined with electrical actuation, to provide complementary maps of the optical path and electrical impedance. We demonstrate our system with high-resolution maps of optical path differences and electrical impedance variations that can distinguish nanosized, semi-transparent, structured coatings involving two materials with relatively similar electrical properties. We map heterogeneous interfaces corresponding to an indium tin oxide layer exposed by holes with diameters as small as ~550 nm in a titanium (dioxide) over-layer deposited on a glass support. We show that electrical modulation during the phase imaging of a macro-electrode is decisive for retrieving electrical impedance distributions with submicron spatial resolution and beyond the limitations of electrode-based technologies (surface or scanning technologies). The findings, which are substantiated by a theoretical model that fits the experimental data very well enable achieving electro-optical maps with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The virtues and limitations of the novel optoelectrochemical method that provides grounds for a wider range of electrically modulated optical methods for measuring the electric field locally are critically discussed.
AB - Retrieving electrical impedance maps at the nanoscale rapidly via nondestructive inspection with a high signal-to-noise ratio is an unmet need, likely to impact various applications from biomedicine to energy conversion. In this study, we develop a multimodal functional imaging instrument that is characterized by the dual capability of impedance mapping and phase quantitation, high spatial resolution, and low temporal noise. To achieve this, we advance a quantitative phase imaging system, referred to as epi-magnified image spatial spectrum microscopy combined with electrical actuation, to provide complementary maps of the optical path and electrical impedance. We demonstrate our system with high-resolution maps of optical path differences and electrical impedance variations that can distinguish nanosized, semi-transparent, structured coatings involving two materials with relatively similar electrical properties. We map heterogeneous interfaces corresponding to an indium tin oxide layer exposed by holes with diameters as small as ~550 nm in a titanium (dioxide) over-layer deposited on a glass support. We show that electrical modulation during the phase imaging of a macro-electrode is decisive for retrieving electrical impedance distributions with submicron spatial resolution and beyond the limitations of electrode-based technologies (surface or scanning technologies). The findings, which are substantiated by a theoretical model that fits the experimental data very well enable achieving electro-optical maps with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The virtues and limitations of the novel optoelectrochemical method that provides grounds for a wider range of electrically modulated optical methods for measuring the electric field locally are critically discussed.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41377-020-00461-x
DO - 10.1038/s41377-020-00461-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 33479199
AN - SCOPUS:85099913027
VL - 10
JO - Light: Science and Applications
JF - Light: Science and Applications
SN - 2095-5545
IS - 1
M1 - 20
ER -