@article{9a02a5567595478abee946284c8a6439,
title = "High-Resolution CBV-fMRI Allows Mapping of Laminar Activity and Connectivity of Cortical Input and Output in Human M1",
abstract = "Layer-dependent fMRI allows measurements of information flow in cortical circuits, as afferent and efferent connections terminate in different cortical layers. However, it is unknown to what level human fMRI is specific and sensitive enough to reveal directional functional activity across layers. To answer this question, we developed acquisition and analysis methods for blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) and cerebral-blood-volume (CBV)-based laminar fMRI and used these to discriminate four different tasks in the human motor cortex (M1). In agreement with anatomical data from animal studies, we found evidence for somatosensory and premotor input in superficial layers of M1 and for cortico-spinal motor output in deep layers. Laminar resting-state fMRI showed directional functional connectivity of M1 with somatosensory and premotor areas. Our findings demonstrate that CBV-fMRI can be used to investigate cortical activity in humans with unprecedented detail, allowing investigations of information flow between brain regions and outperforming conventional BOLD results that are often buried under vascular biases. Huber et al. demonstrate an MRI method to measure brain activity changes at the spatial resolution of cortical layers in humans. This allows investigations of directional functional connectivity, paving the way for non-invasive studies investigating information flow between brain regions.",
keywords = "BOLD, cortical layers, fMRI, layer fMRI, neurovascular coupling, VASO",
author = "Laurentius Huber and Handwerker, {Daniel A.} and Jangraw, {David C.} and Gang Chen and Andrew Hall and Carsten St{\"u}ber and Javier Gonzalez-Castillo and Dimo Ivanov and Sean Marrett and Maria Guidi and Jozien Goense and Poser, {Benedikt A.} and Bandettini, {Peter A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Ingo Marquardt, Daniel Glen, Rick Reynolds, Valentin Kemper, Hendrik Mandelkow, and Adam Thomas for discussions on best analysis practices and Chris Baker, Mark Hallett, and Alan Koretsky for comments on the manuscript. Early work on depth-dependent fMRI in the motor cortex was pioneered in authors{\textquoteright} collaborations with Robert Turner and Robert Trampel. Markus Barth contributed to early versions of the MR sequence. M.G. was supported by Initial Training Network, HiMR, funded by the FP7 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission ( FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IT-316716 ). The research was conducted as part of the NIMH Intramural Research Program ( #ZIA-MH002783 ). Funding Information: We thank Ingo Marquardt, Daniel Glen, Rick Reynolds, Valentin Kemper, Hendrik Mandelkow, and Adam Thomas for discussions on best analysis practices and Chris Baker, Mark Hallett, and Alan Koretsky for comments on the manuscript. Early work on depth-dependent fMRI in the motor cortex was pioneered in authors{\textquoteright} collaborations with Robert Turner and Robert Trampel. Markus Barth contributed to early versions of the MR sequence. M.G. was supported by Initial Training Network, HiMR, funded by the FP7 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IT-316716). The research was conducted as part of the NIMH Intramural Research Program (#ZIA-MH002783). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017",
year = "2017",
month = dec,
day = "20",
doi = "10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.005",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "96",
pages = "1253--1263.e7",
journal = "Neuron",
issn = "0896-6273",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "6",
}