@article{bc0bad7697584d6da42ebdc78639978a,
title = "Havana Tradition Platform Pipe Production and Disposition: Implications for Interpreting Regional Variation in Midwestern Hopewell Ceremonialism",
abstract = "This study documents the contexts of platform pipe creation, distribution, and disposition at Illinois Havana Hopewell Tradition (50 BC to AD 200–250) sites to identify regional variation in Hopewell ceremonialism and exchange. We observe that the large deposits of stone pipes buried during communal rituals in the Scioto Valley and the continued influence of the Hopewell Sphere of Interaction have skewed archaeological interpretation. Aside from the several large deposits, pipes are limited in the Scioto Tradition and seldom found in habitation areas. In Illinois, pipe fabrication debris commonly occurs in habitation areas along with numerous examples of pipe repair and maintenance. Local pipestones—often from northern Illinois Sterling deposits—predominate, and exotic imported pipestones are unusual. Pipes are rare inclusions with individual burials as indicators of status, spiritual prowess, achievement, or group membership. The high value placed on pipes as communal sacra in Ohio and their value in Illinois as items of personal influence parallels their common occurrence in Illinois and their unique context in Ohio Hopewell. This study of the contexts of pipe manufacture and deposition reinforces current discussions of such artifact assemblages as important in documenting local variations in political, social, and religious mortuary ceremonialism across the “Hopewellian sphere.”",
keywords = "Havana Tradition, Hopewell ceremonialism, Hopewell localization, pipestone sourcing, platform pipes",
author = "Farnsworth, {Kenneth B.} and Emerson, {Thomas E.} and Hughes, {Randall E.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research been ongoing since the mid-1990s and has benefited from the assistance and cooperation of many colleagues. Although they cannot all be individually acknowledged, we gratefully thank them for their help. Without the long-term commitment of the Illinois State Museum, Dickson Mounds Museum, Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Putnam Museum, Milwaukee Public Museum, Gilcrease Museum, Center for American Archeology, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, British Museum, Upper Mississippi Valley Archaeological Research Foundation, Wisconsin Historical Society, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Center for Archaeological Investigations, University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, Ohio History Collection, and the Chicago Field Museum of Natural History and their staff to the preservation of these collections, and the generous assistance of many avocational archaeologists and artifact collectors who shared their historically significant materials, this study would not have been possible. This research was invigorated by discussions, information, and observations from Martin Byers, Christopher Carr, William Green, Shannon Fie, Andrew Fortier, N'omi Greber, Martha Potter Otto, Mark Seeman, and JohnWalthall.We are grateful for the observations of several anonymous reviewers, as well as for the critiques and advice of Christopher Carr, who assisted us in both interpreting the Ohio collections and clarifying our interregional arguments for Hopewellian interaction. Editor Lynn Gamble and editorial assistant Alicia Gorman provided essential feedback, insights, and assistance in bringing this manuscript to publication. We want to acknowledge the long-term input of our colleague Sarah Wisseman, who has been a central part of our two decades of pipestone research. PIMA data was collected with the assistance of Sarah Wisseman, Kjersti Emerson, and Mary Hynes. Figures 1, 2, and 4-6 were produced by Kjersti Emerson and Thomas Emerson with photographs by Kenneth Farnsworth. This study is based on work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers 9971179 and 0203010. We also acknowledge logistical and some financial support for this scientific research by the Illinois State Archaeological Survey and the Illinois State Geological Survey. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s). Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for American Archaeology.",
year = "2021",
month = oct,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1017/aaq.2021.34",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "86",
pages = "696--714",
journal = "American Antiquity",
issn = "0002-7316",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
number = "4",
}