TY - JOUR
T1 - Growth effects on velopharyngeal anatomy from childhood to adulthood
AU - Perry, Jamie L.
AU - Kollara, Lakshmi
AU - Sutton, Bradley P.
AU - Kuehn, David P.
AU - Fang, Xiangming
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant 1R03DC009676-01A1 awarded to Perry (principal investigator), Sutton, and Kuehn. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In addition, data and/or research tools used in the preparation of this article were obtained, in part, from the NIH-supported National Database for Autism Research (NDAR). The NDAR is a collaborative informatics system created by the NIH to provide a national resource to support and accelerate research in autism. Data set identifier(s): [NIMH Data Archive Collection ID(s) or NIMH Data Archive Digital Object Identifier (DOI)]. This article reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or of the submitters submitting original data to the NDAR. Data used in the preparation of this article were also obtained, in part, from the ABCD Study (https://abcdstudy. org), held in the NIMH Data Archive. This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children aged 9– 10 years and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study is supported by the NIH and additional federal partners under Awards U01DA041022, U 01DA041028, U01DA041048, U01DA041089, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041120, U01DA041134, U01DA041148, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U24DA041123, and U24DA041147. A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/nih-collaborators. A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/principal-investigators. html. ABCD consortium investigators designed and implemented the study and/or provided data but did not necessarily participate in the analysis or writing of this report. This article reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or ABCD consortium investigators.
Funding Information:
This study was funded by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant 1R03DC009676-01A1 awarded to Perry (principal investigator), Sutton, and Kuehn. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In addition, data and/or research tools used in the preparation of this article were obtained, in part, from the NIH-supported National Database for Autism Research (NDAR). The NDAR is a collaborative informatics system created by the NIH to provide a national resource to support and accelerate research in autism. Data set identifier(s): [NIMH Data Archive Collection ID(s) or NIMH Data Archive Digital Object Identifier (DOI)]. This article reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or of the submitters submitting original data to the NDAR. Data used in the preparation of this article were also obtained, in part, from the ABCD Study (https://abcdstudy. org), held in the NIMH Data Archive. This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children aged 9– 10 years and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study is supported by the NIH and additional federal partners under Awards U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA041048, U01DA041089, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041120, U01DA041134, U01DA041148, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U24DA041123, and U24DA041147. A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/nih-collaborators. A listing of
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
PY - 2019/3
Y1 - 2019/3
N2 - Purpose: The observed sexual dimorphism of velopharyngeal structures among adult populations has not been observed in the young child (4-to 9-year-old) population. The purpose of this study was to examine the age at which sexual dimorphism of velopharyngeal structures become apparent and to examine how growth trends vary between boys and girls. Method: Static 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging velopharyngeal data were collected among 202 participants ranging from 4 to 21 years of age. Participants were divided into 3 groups based on age, including Group 1: 4–10 years of age, Group 2: 11–17 years of age, and Group 3: 18–21 years of age. Nine velopharyngeal measures were obtained and compared between groups. Results: Significant sex effects were evident for levator length (p = .011), origin to origin (p = .018), and velopharyngeal ratio ( p = .036) for those in Group 2 (11–17 years of age). Sex effects became increasingly apparent with age, with 7 of 9 variables becoming significantly different between male and female participants in Group 3. Boys, in general, displayed a delayed growth peak in velopharyngeal growth compared to girls. Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrate the growth of velopharyngeal anatomy with sexual dimorphism becoming apparent predominantly after 18 years of age. However, velopharyngeal variables displayed variable growth trends with some variables presenting sexual dimorphism at an earlier age compared to other velopharyngeal variables.
AB - Purpose: The observed sexual dimorphism of velopharyngeal structures among adult populations has not been observed in the young child (4-to 9-year-old) population. The purpose of this study was to examine the age at which sexual dimorphism of velopharyngeal structures become apparent and to examine how growth trends vary between boys and girls. Method: Static 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging velopharyngeal data were collected among 202 participants ranging from 4 to 21 years of age. Participants were divided into 3 groups based on age, including Group 1: 4–10 years of age, Group 2: 11–17 years of age, and Group 3: 18–21 years of age. Nine velopharyngeal measures were obtained and compared between groups. Results: Significant sex effects were evident for levator length (p = .011), origin to origin (p = .018), and velopharyngeal ratio ( p = .036) for those in Group 2 (11–17 years of age). Sex effects became increasingly apparent with age, with 7 of 9 variables becoming significantly different between male and female participants in Group 3. Boys, in general, displayed a delayed growth peak in velopharyngeal growth compared to girls. Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrate the growth of velopharyngeal anatomy with sexual dimorphism becoming apparent predominantly after 18 years of age. However, velopharyngeal variables displayed variable growth trends with some variables presenting sexual dimorphism at an earlier age compared to other velopharyngeal variables.
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U2 - 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-18-0016
DO - 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-18-0016
M3 - Article
C2 - 30950740
AN - SCOPUS:85064322649
SN - 1092-4388
VL - 62
SP - 682
EP - 692
JO - Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders
JF - Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders
IS - 3
ER -