TY - JOUR
T1 - Growing Pains
T2 - The Need for Engineered Platforms to Study Growth Plate Biology
AU - Tiffany, Aleczandria S.
AU - Harley, Brendan A.C.
N1 - The authors acknowledge the support by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R21 DE026582 and R01 DE030491 (BACH) as well as support provided by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship DGE-1144245 (AST). The interpretations and conclusions presented are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the National Institutes of Health or the National Science Foundation. The authors also acknowledge the support from the A.T. Widiger Fellowship Program from the Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (AST).
The authors acknowledge the support by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R21 DE026582 and R01 DE030491 (BACH) as well as support provided by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship DGE‐1144245 (AST). The interpretations and conclusions presented are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the National Institutes of Health or the National Science Foundation. The authors also acknowledge the support from the A.T. Widiger Fellowship Program from the Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign (AST).
PY - 2022/10/5
Y1 - 2022/10/5
N2 - Growth plates, or physis, are highly specialized cartilage tissues responsible for longitudinal bone growth in children and adolescents. Chondrocytes that reside in growth plates are organized into three distinct zones essential for proper function. Modeling key features of growth plates may provide an avenue to develop advanced tissue engineering strategies and perspectives for cartilage and bone regenerative medicine applications and a platform to study processes linked to disease progression. In this review, a brief introduction of the growth plates and their role in skeletal development is first provided. Injuries and diseases of the growth plates as well as physiological and pathological mechanisms associated with remodeling and disease progression are discussed. Growth plate biology, namely, its architecture and extracellular matrix organization, resident cell types, and growth factor signaling are then focused. Next, opportunities and challenges for developing 3D biomaterial models to study aspects of growth plate biology and disease in vitro are discussed. Finally, opportunities for increasingly sophisticated in vitro biomaterial models of the growth plate to study spatiotemporal aspects of growth plate remodeling, to investigate multicellular signaling underlying growth plate biology, and to develop platforms that address key roadblocks to in vivo musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications are described.
AB - Growth plates, or physis, are highly specialized cartilage tissues responsible for longitudinal bone growth in children and adolescents. Chondrocytes that reside in growth plates are organized into three distinct zones essential for proper function. Modeling key features of growth plates may provide an avenue to develop advanced tissue engineering strategies and perspectives for cartilage and bone regenerative medicine applications and a platform to study processes linked to disease progression. In this review, a brief introduction of the growth plates and their role in skeletal development is first provided. Injuries and diseases of the growth plates as well as physiological and pathological mechanisms associated with remodeling and disease progression are discussed. Growth plate biology, namely, its architecture and extracellular matrix organization, resident cell types, and growth factor signaling are then focused. Next, opportunities and challenges for developing 3D biomaterial models to study aspects of growth plate biology and disease in vitro are discussed. Finally, opportunities for increasingly sophisticated in vitro biomaterial models of the growth plate to study spatiotemporal aspects of growth plate remodeling, to investigate multicellular signaling underlying growth plate biology, and to develop platforms that address key roadblocks to in vivo musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications are described.
KW - bones
KW - cartilages
KW - growth plates
KW - physis
KW - tissue engineering
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U2 - 10.1002/adhm.202200471
DO - 10.1002/adhm.202200471
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35905390
AN - SCOPUS:85135900338
SN - 2192-2640
VL - 11
JO - Advanced Healthcare Materials
JF - Advanced Healthcare Materials
IS - 19
M1 - 2200471
ER -