Ground state of the two-dimensional electron gas

Variational and fixed-node Greens-function Monte Carlo calculations have been performed to find the ground-state properties of the two-dimensional electron gas in the density range 1rs 100. Our calculations predict a Wigner crystallization at the density rs 37 5. The electron system is found to be in the normal- (paramagnetic) fluid state below the transition density, but the fully polarized state is very close in energy. We have tabulated the values of pair distribution function g(r), the static structure factor S(k), and the momentum distribution n(k) at several densities of interest both in the normal and the polarized phases. An estimate of the spin susceptibility is also given.