@article{152ef9dc27154329a5c70bac6773e9bb,
title = "Geotechnical and geological reconnaissance observations of the 6 February 2023 T{\"u}rkiye earthquakes",
abstract = "The 6 February 2023 T{\"u}rkiye earthquakes and the accompanying aftershocks were a once-in-a-century catastrophe that has greatly impacted T{\"u}rkiye and Syria. The repercussions of these events will have a lasting effect on the entire region. This article documents the geotechnical and geological observations performed by GEER (Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance) immediately following the events. Observations of ground damage, including surface fault rupture, liquefaction and lateral spreading, landslides and rock falls, and foundation failure of buildings, dams, and other civil infrastructure, are described herein. This article summarizes the key findings that were originally reported in the joint GEER-EERI (Earthquake Engineering Research Institute) reconnaissance report. The goal of these reconnaissance efforts is to document perishable data and disseminate it widely so that lessons can be learned from these events.",
keywords = "Ground failure, earth dam, fault rupture, foundation failure, lateral spreading, liquefaction",
author = "Moss, {Robb E.S.} and Erhand Altunel and Patrick Bassal and Bray, {Jonathan D.} and Buckreis, {Tristan E.} and Cetin, {Kemal Onder} and Kevin Clahan and Emre Duman and David Frost and Youssef Hashash and Koehler, {Richard D.} and Ozgur Kozaci and Lozano, {Jorge Mario} and Jorge Macedo and Diane Moug and Elliot Nichols and Menzer Pehlivan and Renmin Pretell and Stewart, {Jonathan P.} and Ulmer, {Kristin J.} and Cengiz Yildirim",
note = "Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The GEER Association is made possible by the vision and support of the NSF Geotechnical Engineering Program Directors: Dr Giovanna Bisconn, Dr Richard Fragaszy, and the late Dr Cliff Astill. GEER members also donate their time, talent, and resources to collect me-sensitive field observations of the effects of extreme events. The GEER team is grateful to METU/ODT\u00DC graduate students who were extremely helpful during the field deployments on logistical and technical matters. These include Berkan S\u00F6ylemez (PhD candidate), Elife \u00C7ak\u0131r (PhD candidate), Hayri G\u00FCzel (MS student), Arda \u015Eahin (MS student), and Mehmet T\u00FCrkezer (MS student). The team at SiteEye (Sahag\u00F6z\u00FC) was instrumental in helping organize the data/images/information spatially and providing drone support throughout the GEER investigations. Thanks to Onur Pekcan and his students for facilitating GEER\u2019s access to this resource. Prof. Seyhan F\u0131rat was most helpful to the GEER team in providing a tour of the damage in G\u00F6lba\u015F\u0131, highlighting the most important lessons to learn from the events in that area. His knowledge and expertise was invaluable. We are sorry for his loss in the events and appreciate his hospitality. Soner \u00D6zdemir was very helpful and informative at the Limak port, allowing the GEER team to document ground damage. The harbor masters at the \u0130skenderun and D\u00F6rtyol harbors were welcoming and gracious, allowing us to document ground damage. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The work of the GEER Association is supported in part by the National Science Foundation through the Engineering for Civil Infrastructure Program under Grant No. CMMI1826118. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The work of the GEER Association is supported in part by the National Science Foundation through the Engineering for Civil Infrastructure Program under Grant No. CMMI1826118. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.",
year = "2025",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1177/87552930241281007",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "41",
pages = "219--248",
journal = "Earthquake Spectra",
issn = "8755-2930",
publisher = "Earthquake Engineering Research Institute",
number = "1",
}