Geological and hydrological factors for siting hazardous or low- level radioactive waste disposal facilities

Regional factors that should be evaluated include the location of aquifers and recharge areas, groundwater quality, the presence of karst features, the location of undermined areas, and seismic risk. From this screening, a "probabilistic' determination can be made as to the initial suitability of certain regions and areas for disposal. Information and evaluations from the regional screening are verified, and a detailed investigation and mapping of the geological framework and groundwater system in the area is undertaken. Well locations, groundwater withdrawals, fault zones, fracturing and weathering of geologic materials, and the engineering properties of materials are determined and documented. Detailed maps are constructed and extensive on-site tests, including drilling, are implemented. All elements of site geology and hydrology are studied intensively. Site-specific ground-water modeling is undertaken to test and evaluate site performance under various conditions. -from Authors