TY - JOUR
T1 - Genomic Variation, Origin Tracing and Vaccine Development of SARS-CoV-2
T2 - A Systematic Review
AU - Li, Tianbao
AU - Huang, Tao
AU - Guo, Cheng
AU - Wang, Ailan
AU - Shi, Xiaoli
AU - Mo, Xiaofei
AU - Lu, Qingqing
AU - Sun, Jing
AU - Hui, Tingting
AU - Tian, Geng
AU - Wang, Leyi
AU - Yang, Jialiang
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors sincerely appreciate the originating and submitting of genetic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 and metadata made available through GISAID ( https://www.gisaid.org/). This research was funded by Hunan Provincial Innovation Platform and Talents Program (No. 2018RS3105), the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61803151), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province (No. 2018JJ3570), the Project of Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (No 19A060 and 19C0185), and the project to introduce intelligence from oversea experts to the Changsha City (Grant No. 2089901). L.W. and J.Y. conceived and coordinated the research. T.L. T.H. C.G. and A.W. searched literature and wrote the manuscript. X.S. T.H. G.T. Q.L. J.S. and X.M. reviewed the manuscript. T.L. A.W. X.S. X.M. Q.L. T.H. G.T. and J.Y. are currently employed by Geneis Beijing Co. Ltd. All other authors declare no competing interests.
Funding Information:
The authors sincerely appreciate the originating and submitting of genetic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 and metadata made available through GISAID ( https://www.gisaid.org/ ). This research was funded by Hunan Provincial Innovation Platform and Talents Program (No. 2018RS3105), the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61803151), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province (No. 2018JJ3570), the Project of Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (No 19A060 and 19C0185), and the project to introduce intelligence from oversea experts to the Changsha City (Grant No. 2089901).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)
PY - 2021/5/28
Y1 - 2021/5/28
N2 - COVID-19 has spread globally to over 200 countries with more than 40 million confirmed cases and one million deaths as of November 1, 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, leading to COVID-19, shows extremely high rates of infectivity and replication, and can result in pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, or even mortality. SARS-CoV-2 has been found to continue to rapidly evolve, with several genomic variants emerging in different regions throughout the world. In addition, despite intensive study of the spike protein, its origin, and molecular mechanisms in mediating host invasion are still only partially resolved. Finally, the repertoire of drugs for COVID-19 treatment is still limited, with several candidates still under clinical trial and no effective therapeutic yet reported. Although vaccines based on either DNA/mRNA or protein have been deployed, their efficacy against emerging variants requires ongoing study, with multivalent vaccines supplanting the first-generation vaccines due to their low efficacy against new strains. Here, we provide a systematic review of studies on the epidemiology, immunological pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and structural biology, as well as approaches for drug or vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2.
AB - COVID-19 has spread globally to over 200 countries with more than 40 million confirmed cases and one million deaths as of November 1, 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, leading to COVID-19, shows extremely high rates of infectivity and replication, and can result in pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, or even mortality. SARS-CoV-2 has been found to continue to rapidly evolve, with several genomic variants emerging in different regions throughout the world. In addition, despite intensive study of the spike protein, its origin, and molecular mechanisms in mediating host invasion are still only partially resolved. Finally, the repertoire of drugs for COVID-19 treatment is still limited, with several candidates still under clinical trial and no effective therapeutic yet reported. Although vaccines based on either DNA/mRNA or protein have been deployed, their efficacy against emerging variants requires ongoing study, with multivalent vaccines supplanting the first-generation vaccines due to their low efficacy against new strains. Here, we provide a systematic review of studies on the epidemiology, immunological pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and structural biology, as well as approaches for drug or vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2.
KW - COVID-19
KW - SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
KW - Infection mechanism
KW - Origin tracing
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - origin tracing
KW - infection mechanism
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U2 - 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100116
DO - 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100116
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33997827
VL - 2
JO - Innovation(United States)
JF - Innovation(United States)
SN - 2666-6758
IS - 2
M1 - 100116
ER -