Genetic Mouse Models for Female Reproductive Toxicology Studies

The incidence of reproductive problems such as infertility and cancers in women has increased at an alarming rate, particularly in developed countries. One potential cause of the rising incidence of reproductive problems is exposure to by-products of industrialization such as man-made chemicals and additives. These man-made chemicals could mimic or interfere with reproductive hormones and their functions, therefore leading to reproductive disorders. In addition, certain populations could be more susceptible to particular types of man-made chemicals due to genetic polymorphisms. The advancement of transgenic technology in mice over the past decade has brought the field of reproductive toxicology to a critical crossroad. These genetic models create unique opportunities for reproductive toxicologists to explore questions that could never before be imagined. To take full advantage of the power of these genetic models, a basic understanding of both female reproduction and the strengths and limitations of the genetic models is necessary. It is hoped that this article will trigger interest in and promote better use of transgenic mouse models in female reproductive toxicology.