TY - GEN
T1 - Gaze patterns in laparoscopic surgery
AU - Ibbotson, J. A.
AU - Mackenzie, C. L.
AU - Cao, C. G.L.
AU - Lomax, A. J.
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - By understanding surgeons' patterns of gaze, and what visual information is being obtained during a procedure, one can improve the operation via new techniques or instrumentation. Part of a larger project on Remote Manipulation in Endoscopic Surgery, we analyzed eye patterns of surgeons from videotape annotation. Three categories of eye patterns were defined: 1) eyes on (gaze on monitor); 2) eyes down (gaze on external operative space); 3) eyes off (gaze away from monitor/hands). In the context of hierarchical decomposition of procedures we compared eye patterns and sequential dependencies (gaze as a function of previous gaze) by procedure, surgical steps and tasks. Timelines showed transitions in eye patterns during the procedure. We determined what visual information is available and what visual information is needed by the surgeons. By comparing these, we suggest technology that can provide these needs.
AB - By understanding surgeons' patterns of gaze, and what visual information is being obtained during a procedure, one can improve the operation via new techniques or instrumentation. Part of a larger project on Remote Manipulation in Endoscopic Surgery, we analyzed eye patterns of surgeons from videotape annotation. Three categories of eye patterns were defined: 1) eyes on (gaze on monitor); 2) eyes down (gaze on external operative space); 3) eyes off (gaze away from monitor/hands). In the context of hierarchical decomposition of procedures we compared eye patterns and sequential dependencies (gaze as a function of previous gaze) by procedure, surgical steps and tasks. Timelines showed transitions in eye patterns during the procedure. We determined what visual information is available and what visual information is needed by the surgeons. By comparing these, we suggest technology that can provide these needs.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032604802&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.3233/978-1-60750-906-6-154
DO - 10.3233/978-1-60750-906-6-154
M3 - Conference contribution
C2 - 1999130280
AN - SCOPUS:0032604802
SN - 9051994451
SN - 9789051994452
T3 - Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
SP - 154
EP - 160
BT - Medicine Meets Virtual Reality - The Convergence of Physical and Informational Technologies
PB - IOS Press
T2 - 7th Conference on Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, MMVR 1999
Y2 - 23 January 1999 through 23 January 1999
ER -