TY - JOUR
T1 - Frames of reference in vision and language
T2 - Where is above?
AU - Carlson-Radvansky, Laura A.
AU - Irwin, David E.
N1 - Funding Information:
Correspondence to: Laura A. Carlson-Radvansky, Department Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, [email protected]. *This article is based on a Master’s thesis submitted by the first author to Michigan State University. Portions of the research were presented at the 64th Meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL, 1992. The research was supported by NSF grant BNS 89-08699 to David Irwin. Irwin was visiting the Free University, Amsterdam, and the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, while this article was written; he was supported by a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship and by a visitor’s grant from the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek during this time. He thanks his hosts, Andries Sanders and Pim Levelt, for their hospitality. In addition, we are very grateful to Kay Bock for her advice and unstinting encouragement throughout the course of this project. We also thank Barbara Abbott, Tom Carr, Lauren Harris, Henk van Jaarsveld, Pim Levelt, Steve Levinson, Gordon Logan, Antje Meyer, G.A. Radvansky, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments regarding the research, Steve Weede, David van Dyk, and Christine Juergens for their help in running the experiments, and Scott Stephens for drawing Figure 1.
Copyright:
Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1993/3
Y1 - 1993/3
N2 - Spatial terms such as "above" must be used and interpreted with respect to some frame of reference. Perceptual cues for verticality were varied in four experiments to investigate whether the comprehension and production of "above" is based on a viewer-centered (deictic) frame, an environment-centered (extrinsic) frame, or an object-centered (intrinsic) frame of reference. "Above" was usually interpreted with respect to an environment-centered reference frame, but there was a significant contribution from object-centered reference frames as well; the viewer-centered reference frame made no independent contribution to "above". The meaning of "above" appears not to specify a particular reference frame; rather, selection of a reference frame during spatial assignment determines how spatial terms such as "above" and "below" will be used and interpreted.
AB - Spatial terms such as "above" must be used and interpreted with respect to some frame of reference. Perceptual cues for verticality were varied in four experiments to investigate whether the comprehension and production of "above" is based on a viewer-centered (deictic) frame, an environment-centered (extrinsic) frame, or an object-centered (intrinsic) frame of reference. "Above" was usually interpreted with respect to an environment-centered reference frame, but there was a significant contribution from object-centered reference frames as well; the viewer-centered reference frame made no independent contribution to "above". The meaning of "above" appears not to specify a particular reference frame; rather, selection of a reference frame during spatial assignment determines how spatial terms such as "above" and "below" will be used and interpreted.
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U2 - 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90011-J
DO - 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90011-J
M3 - Article
C2 - 8462273
AN - SCOPUS:0027569935
SN - 0010-0277
VL - 46
SP - 223
EP - 244
JO - Cognition
JF - Cognition
IS - 3
ER -