@article{ee50d2bb331447d5b3f871bd4a5681ce,
title = "FluoSpec 2—an automated field spectroscopy system to monitor canopy solar-induced fluorescence",
abstract = "Accurate estimation of terrestrial photosynthesis has broad scientific and societal impacts. Measurements of photosynthesis can be used to assess plant health, quantify crop yield, and determine the largest CO2flux in the carbon cycle. Long-term and continuous monitoring of vegetation optical properties can provide valuable information about plant physiology. Recent developments of the remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and vegetation spectroscopy have shown promising results in using this information to quantify plant photosynthetic activities and stresses at the ecosystem scale. However, there are few automated systems that allow for unattended observations over months to years. Here we present FluoSpec 2, an automated system for collecting irradiance and canopy radiance that has been deployed in various ecosystems in the past years. The instrument design, calibration, and tests are recorded in detail. We discuss the future directions of this field spectroscopy system. A network of SIF sensors, FluoNet, is established to measure the diurnal and seasonal variations of SIF in several ecosystems. Automated systems such as FluoSpec 2 can provide unique information on ecosystem functioning and provide important support to the satellite remote sensing of canopy photosynthesis.",
keywords = "Photosynthesis, Proximal remote sensing, Spectroscopy, Vegetation",
author = "Xi Yang and Hanyu Shi and Atticus Stovall and Kaiyu Guan and Guofang Miao and Yongguang Zhang and Yao Zhang and Xiangming Xiao and Youngryel Ryu and Lee, {Jung Eun}",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: This work is supported by the startup funds from the University of Virginia for X.Y., installations of instruments are supported by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) program (80NSSC17K0110) and Brown University Institute at Brown for Environment and Society seed grant. YR{\textquoteright}s SIF system was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2016M1A3A3A02018195). Y.G.Z. is financially supported by the General Program of National Science Foundation of China (41671421). The KAEFS SIF site is supported by research grants from the NASA Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory mission (GeoCarb Contract # 80LARC17C0001) and the NSF EPSCoR program ((IIA-1301789) (Y.Z., X.X.). K.G. and G.M. are supported by NASA (NNX16AI56G, 80NSSC18K0170) and USDA NIFA (2017-67003-28703). Funding Information: This work is supported by the startup funds from the University of Virginia for X.Y., installations of instruments are supported by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) program (80NSSC17K0110) and Brown University Institute at Brown for Environment and Society seed grant. YR{\textquoteright}s SIF system was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2016M1A3A3A02018195). Y.G.Z. is financially supported by the General Program of National Science Foundation of China (41671421). The KAEFS SIF site is supported by research grants from the NASA Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory mission (GeoCarb Contract # 80LARC17C0001) and the NSF EPSCoR program ((IIA-1301789) (Y.Z., X.X.). K.G. and G.M. are supported by NASA (NNX16AI56G, 80NSSC18K0170) and USDA NIFA (2017-67003-28703). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2018",
month = jul,
doi = "10.3390/s18072063",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "18",
journal = "Sensors (Switzerland)",
issn = "1424-8220",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "7",
}