@article{94f2771344d549289eedb2f7d7b61c82,
title = "Fluorescence-enabled self-reporting for redox flow batteries",
abstract = "Monitoring battery health is challenging. Self-reporting enables the rapid health assessment of redox flow batteries (RFBs) and provides insight into degradation mechanisms of electrochemically active molecules (redoxmers). Here we introduce fluorescence as an orthogonal property to probe this chemistry in situ. An established anolyte redoxmer, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, is rendered an efficient blue-green fluorophore through minimalistic derivatization. One of the derivatives is electrochemically reversible with a long lifetime and cycling stability in the charged state. Spectroscopic measurements on this new redoxmer reveal strong effects of the electrolyte cation on the fluorescence that are useful for probing the solvent microenvironment. Using this probe, we demonstrate proof-of-concept in situ crossover sensing and characterize the effects of electrolyte composition on this crossover. In this way, real-time tracing of redoxmers in a flow cell is demonstrated, paving the way to include still more self-reporting functions into the redoxmers.",
author = "Robertson, {Lily A.} and Shkrob, {Ilya A.} and Garvit Agarwal and Yuyue Zhao and Zhou Yu and Assary, {Rajeev S.} and Lei Cheng and Moore, {Jeffrey S.} and Lu Zhang",
note = "Funding Information: The research was financially supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ({"}Argonne{"}). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory is operated under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We also thank Varun Singh and Professor Ksenija Glusac for their assistance with quantum yield measurements. Funding Information: The research was financially supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We also thank Varun Singh and Professor Ksenija Glusac for their assistance with quantum yield measurements. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 American Chemical Society.",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
day = "11",
doi = "10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01447",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "5",
pages = "3062--3068",
journal = "ACS Energy Letters",
issn = "2380-8195",
publisher = "American Chemical Society",
number = "9",
}