@article{669568608f7f43d098668fb2abb70455,
title = "First-line antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli in children with urinary tract infection in emergency department and primary care clinics",
abstract = "Objective: To identify risk factors for antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli (E. coli) in children with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in emergency room and primary care clinics. Method: This is a cross-sectional study of children 0 to 18 years of age reported to have E coli-positive UTIs whose medical and laboratory records were systematically reviewed. Result: Compared with girls, boys were 2.29 times (confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-4.02) more likely to have E coli isolates resistant to ampicillin and 2 times more likely (CI = 1.13-3.62) to have isolates resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Patients with genitourinary abnormalities were 1.57 times more likely to be resistant to ampicillin (CI = 1.03-2.41) and 1.86 times to TMP/SMX (CI = 1.18-2.94). Conclusion: Higher rates of ampicillin and TMP/SMX resistant urinary E coli isolates were observed among boys and children with a history of genitourinary abnormality. Age and recent antibiotic prescription are also potential risk factors for resistance.",
keywords = "Escherichia coli, ampicillin, antibiotic resistance, antibiotics, cefazolin, children, pediatrics, risk factors, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, urinary tract infection",
author = "Ahmed, {M. Nadeem} and Debby Vannoy and Ann Frederick and Sandy Chang and Elisabeth Lawler",
note = "Funding Information: MNA participated in study design, data collection, data analysis, literature review, wrote the manuscript, and approved the final version as submitted. DV participated in data integration, compilation, and manuscript revision. A Fparticipated in laboratory data compilation and preliminary laboratorty data analysis. SC participated in data collection and review. EL participated in data collection and review. This study is approved by Carle IRB. We thank Xuan Bi and Dr Peiyong Qu from University of Illinois Statistical Department for helping with the statistical analysis and Dr Anna Keck from Carle Research Institute for logistical support in conducting this study. Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by the Carle Foundation Research Institute. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} SAGE Publications.",
year = "2016",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/0009922815588822",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "55",
pages = "19--28",
journal = "Clinical Pediatrics",
issn = "0009-9228",
publisher = "SAGE Publishing",
number = "1",
}