@article{74796d403e71460e8dabda456bbe6ed5,
title = "Feed additives for methane mitigation: A guideline to uncover the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives for ruminants",
abstract = "This publication aims to provide guidelines of the knowledge required and the potential research to be conducted in order to understand the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). In the first part of the paper, we classify AMFA into 4 categories according to their mode of action: (1) lowering dihydrogen (H2) production; (2) inhibiting methanogens; (3) promoting alternative H2-incorporating pathways; and (4) oxidizing methane (CH4). The second part of the paper presents questions that guide the research to identify the mode of action of an AMFA on the rumen CH4 production from 5 different perspectives: (1) microbiology; (2) cell and molecular biochemistry; (3) microbial ecology; (4) animal metabolism; and (5) cross-cutting aspects. Recommendations are provided to address various research questions within each perspective, along with examples of how aspects of the mode of action of AMFA have been elucidated before. In summary, this paper offers timely and comprehensive guidelines to better understand and reveal the mode of action of current and emerging AMFA.",
keywords = "methanogens, mitigation, rumen methanogenesis, rumen microbiota",
author = "Alejandro Belanche and Andr{\'e} Bannink and Jan Dijkstra and Zoey Durmic and Florencia Garcia and Santos, {Fernanda G.} and Sharon Huws and Jeyamalar Jeyanathan and Peter Lund and Mackie, {Roderick I.} and McAllister, {Tim A.} and Morgavi, {Diego P.} and Stefan Muetzel and Pitta, {Dipti W.} and Y{\'a}{\~n}ez-Ruiz, {David R.} and Ungerfeld, {Emilio M.}",
note = "The Technical Guidelines to Develop Feed Additives to Reduce Enteric Methane is a Flagship Project of the Global Research Alliance (GRA) on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and contributes to the work of the GRA's Livestock Research Group and Feed and Nutrition Network (https://www.globalresearchalliance.org). The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Global Dairy Platform (Rosemont, IL) through its Pathways to Net Zero initiative. A. Belanche was funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) through a Ram\u00F3n y Cajal research contract (AEI, Madrid, Spain; RYC2019-027764-I) and the project PID2021-12306OB-100. A. Bannink was funded by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (The Hague, Netherlands; Project Global Research Alliance; BO-43.10-001-001). F. Garcia was supported by the Global Dairy Platform (Des Plains, IL). Diego P. Morgavi acknowledges financial support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Brussels, Belgium; grant agreement no. 101000213-HoloRuminant). D. R. Y\u00E1\u00F1ez-Ruiz has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 01059609 (Re-Livestock project, European Commission funding; Brussels, Belgium). E. M. Ungerfeld acknowledges funding from Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo (Santiago, Chile) Proyectos Fondecyt 1190574 and 1240264. Thanks are due to Evert Duin for proofreading this publication. No human or animal subjects were used, so this analysis did not require approval by an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee or Institutional Review Board. The authors have not stated any conflicts of interest. Nonstandard abbreviations used: 3-NOP = 3-nitrooxypropanol; ADME = absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; AMFA = antimethanogenic feed additives; BES = 2-bromoethanesulfonate; CoM = coenzyme M; H4MPT = tetrahydromethanopterin; MCR = methyl coenzyme M reductase; MFR = methanofuran; MTR = methyl-tetrahydromethanopterin: coenzyme M methyltransferase; ncRNA = noncoding RNA genes; q = quantitative. The Technical Guidelines to Develop Feed Additives to Reduce Enteric Methane is a Flagship Project of the Global Research Alliance (GRA) on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and contributes to the work of the GRA's Livestock Research Group and Feed and Nutrition Network ( https://www.globalresearchalliance.org ). The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Global Dairy Platform (Rosemont, IL) through its Pathways to Net Zero initiative. A. Belanche was funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) through a Ram\u00F3n y Cajal research contract (AEI, Madrid, Spain; RYC2019-027764-I) and the project PID2021-12306OB-100. A. Bannink was funded by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (The Hague, Netherlands; Project Global Research Alliance; BO-43.10-001-001). F. Garcia was supported by the Global Dairy Platform (Des Plains, IL). Diego P. Morgavi acknowledges financial support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Brussels, Belgium; grant agreement no. 101000213-HoloRuminant). D. R. Y\u00E1\u00F1ez-Ruiz has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 01059609 (Re-Livestock project, European Commission funding; Brussels, Belgium). E. M. Ungerfeld acknowledges funding from Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo (Santiago, Chile) Proyectos Fondecyt 1190574 and 1240264. Thanks are due to Evert Duin for proofreading this publication. No human or animal subjects were used, so this analysis did not require approval by an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee or Institutional Review Board. The authors have not stated any conflicts of interest.",
year = "2025",
month = jan,
doi = "10.3168/jds.2024-25046",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "108",
pages = "375--394",
journal = "Journal of Dairy Science",
issn = "0022-0302",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "1",
}