TY - JOUR
T1 - Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans
AU - O'Keefe, Stephen J.D.
AU - Li, Jia V.
AU - Lahti, Leo
AU - Ou, Junhai
AU - Carbonero, Franck
AU - Mohammed, Khaled
AU - Posma, Joram M.
AU - Kinross, James
AU - Wahl, Elaine
AU - Ruder, Elizabeth
AU - Vipperla, Kishore
AU - Naidoo, Vasudevan
AU - Mtshali, Lungile
AU - Tims, Sebastian
AU - Puylaert, Philippe G.B.
AU - Delany, James
AU - Krasinskas, Alyssa
AU - Benefiel, Ann C.
AU - Kaseb, Hatem O.
AU - Newton, Keith
AU - Nicholson, Jeremy K.
AU - De Vos, Willem M.
AU - Gaskins, H. Rex
AU - Zoetendal, Erwin G.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Chadd and Kate Bain, and the iZulu Lodge and Projects team in KwaZulu-Natal, for help with the recruitment and housing of the African volunteers, and Dr Iain Thirsk and his surgical endoscopy staff at Ngwelezana Hospital, Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, for providing the endoscopic facilities for the study, and Faye Brouard for help with the rural dietary assessments. We acknowledge the help of Dr Robert Branch and the staff of the University of Pittsburgh Clinical Translation and Research Center for help with the dietary switch studies on African Americans. We thank Ms Kayellen Umea-kunne for help with the design of the intervention diets. Primary funding for the study was provided by a grant from the National Institutes of Health R01 CA135379 (O’Keefe) and CTRC support from UL1 RR024153 and UL1TR000005. The research was also supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre based at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London. We acknowledge the Academy of Medical Sciences, which funded part of the metabolic profiling work. Additional funding for the microbiota studies was provided by the Spinoza Award of the Netherlands Organization (de Vos) for Scientific Research, the ERC Advanced Grant 250172 (Microbes Inside) of the European Research Council and the Academy of Finland (grant 141140 to W.M.dV. and grant 256950 to L.L.). The University of Pittsburgh Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory (GPCL) produced the mucosal gene expression microarray data.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/4/28
Y1 - 2015/4/28
N2 - Rates of colon cancer are much higher in African Americans (65:100,000) than in rural South Africans (<5:100,000). The higher rates are associated with higher animal protein and fat, and lower fibre consumption, higher colonic secondary bile acids, lower colonic short-chain fatty acid quantities and higher mucosal proliferative biomarkers of cancer risk in otherwise healthy middle-aged volunteers. Here we investigate further the role of fat and fibre in this association. We performed 2-week food exchanges in subjects from the same populations, where African Americans were fed a high-fibre, low-fat African-style diet and rural Africans a high-fat, low-fibre western-style diet, under close supervision. In comparison with their usual diets, the food changes resulted in remarkable reciprocal changes in mucosal biomarkers of cancer risk and in aspects of the microbiota and metabolome known to affect cancer risk, best illustrated by increased saccharolytic fermentation and butyrogenesis, and suppressed secondary bile acid synthesis in the African Americans.
AB - Rates of colon cancer are much higher in African Americans (65:100,000) than in rural South Africans (<5:100,000). The higher rates are associated with higher animal protein and fat, and lower fibre consumption, higher colonic secondary bile acids, lower colonic short-chain fatty acid quantities and higher mucosal proliferative biomarkers of cancer risk in otherwise healthy middle-aged volunteers. Here we investigate further the role of fat and fibre in this association. We performed 2-week food exchanges in subjects from the same populations, where African Americans were fed a high-fibre, low-fat African-style diet and rural Africans a high-fat, low-fibre western-style diet, under close supervision. In comparison with their usual diets, the food changes resulted in remarkable reciprocal changes in mucosal biomarkers of cancer risk and in aspects of the microbiota and metabolome known to affect cancer risk, best illustrated by increased saccharolytic fermentation and butyrogenesis, and suppressed secondary bile acid synthesis in the African Americans.
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U2 - 10.1038/ncomms7342
DO - 10.1038/ncomms7342
M3 - Article
C2 - 25919227
AN - SCOPUS:84929094853
VL - 6
JO - Nature Communications
JF - Nature Communications
SN - 2041-1723
M1 - 6342
ER -