Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans

Stephen J.D. O'Keefe; Jia V. Li; Leo Lahti; Junhai Ou; Franck Carbonero; Khaled Mohammed; Joram M. Posma; James Kinross; Elaine Wahl; Elizabeth Ruder; Kishore Vipperla; Vasudevan Naidoo; Lungile Mtshali; Sebastian Tims; Philippe G.B. Puylaert; James Delany; Alyssa Krasinskas; Ann C. Benefiel; Hatem O. Kaseb; Keith Newton; Jeremy K. Nicholson; Willem M. De Vos; H. Rex Gaskins; Erwin G. Zoetendal

doi:10.1038/ncomms7342

Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans

Stephen J.D. O'Keefe, Jia V. Li, Leo Lahti, Junhai Ou, Franck Carbonero, Khaled Mohammed, Joram M. Posma, James Kinross, Elaine Wahl, Elizabeth Ruder, Kishore Vipperla, Vasudevan Naidoo, Lungile Mtshali, Sebastian Tims, Philippe G.B. Puylaert, James Delany, Alyssa Krasinskas, Ann C. Benefiel, Hatem O. Kaseb, Keith NewtonJeremy K. Nicholson, Willem M. De Vos, H. Rex Gaskins, Erwin G. Zoetendal

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Abstract

Rates of colon cancer are much higher in African Americans (65:100,000) than in rural South Africans (<5:100,000). The higher rates are associated with higher animal protein and fat, and lower fibre consumption, higher colonic secondary bile acids, lower colonic short-chain fatty acid quantities and higher mucosal proliferative biomarkers of cancer risk in otherwise healthy middle-aged volunteers. Here we investigate further the role of fat and fibre in this association. We performed 2-week food exchanges in subjects from the same populations, where African Americans were fed a high-fibre, low-fat African-style diet and rural Africans a high-fat, low-fibre western-style diet, under close supervision. In comparison with their usual diets, the food changes resulted in remarkable reciprocal changes in mucosal biomarkers of cancer risk and in aspects of the microbiota and metabolome known to affect cancer risk, best illustrated by increased saccharolytic fermentation and butyrogenesis, and suppressed secondary bile acid synthesis in the African Americans.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	6342
Journal	Nature communications
Volume	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7342
State	Published - Apr 28 2015

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
General Physics and Astronomy

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10.1038/ncomms7342

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O'Keefe, S. J. D., Li, J. V., Lahti, L., Ou, J., Carbonero, F., Mohammed, K., Posma, J. M., Kinross, J., Wahl, E., Ruder, E., Vipperla, K., Naidoo, V., Mtshali, L., Tims, S., Puylaert, P. G. B., Delany, J., Krasinskas, A., Benefiel, A. C., Kaseb, H. O., ... Zoetendal, E. G. (2015). Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans. Nature communications, 6, Article 6342. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7342

O'Keefe, SJD, Li, JV, Lahti, L, Ou, J, Carbonero, F, Mohammed, K, Posma, JM, Kinross, J, Wahl, E, Ruder, E, Vipperla, K, Naidoo, V, Mtshali, L, Tims, S, Puylaert, PGB, Delany, J, Krasinskas, A, Benefiel, AC, Kaseb, HO, Newton, K, Nicholson, JK, De Vos, WM, Gaskins, HR & Zoetendal, EG 2015, 'Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans', Nature communications, vol. 6, 6342. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7342

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title = "Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans",

abstract = "Rates of colon cancer are much higher in African Americans (65:100,000) than in rural South Africans (<5:100,000). The higher rates are associated with higher animal protein and fat, and lower fibre consumption, higher colonic secondary bile acids, lower colonic short-chain fatty acid quantities and higher mucosal proliferative biomarkers of cancer risk in otherwise healthy middle-aged volunteers. Here we investigate further the role of fat and fibre in this association. We performed 2-week food exchanges in subjects from the same populations, where African Americans were fed a high-fibre, low-fat African-style diet and rural Africans a high-fat, low-fibre western-style diet, under close supervision. In comparison with their usual diets, the food changes resulted in remarkable reciprocal changes in mucosal biomarkers of cancer risk and in aspects of the microbiota and metabolome known to affect cancer risk, best illustrated by increased saccharolytic fermentation and butyrogenesis, and suppressed secondary bile acid synthesis in the African Americans.",

author = "O'Keefe, {Stephen J.D.} and Li, {Jia V.} and Leo Lahti and Junhai Ou and Franck Carbonero and Khaled Mohammed and Posma, {Joram M.} and James Kinross and Elaine Wahl and Elizabeth Ruder and Kishore Vipperla and Vasudevan Naidoo and Lungile Mtshali and Sebastian Tims and Puylaert, {Philippe G.B.} and James Delany and Alyssa Krasinskas and Benefiel, {Ann C.} and Kaseb, {Hatem O.} and Keith Newton and Nicholson, {Jeremy K.} and {De Vos}, {Willem M.} and Gaskins, {H. Rex} and Zoetendal, {Erwin G.}",

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AU - O'Keefe, Stephen J.D.

AU - Li, Jia V.

AU - Lahti, Leo

AU - Ou, Junhai

AU - Carbonero, Franck

AU - Mohammed, Khaled

AU - Posma, Joram M.

AU - Kinross, James

AU - Wahl, Elaine

AU - Ruder, Elizabeth

AU - Vipperla, Kishore

AU - Naidoo, Vasudevan

AU - Mtshali, Lungile

AU - Tims, Sebastian

AU - Puylaert, Philippe G.B.

AU - Delany, James

AU - Krasinskas, Alyssa

AU - Benefiel, Ann C.

AU - Kaseb, Hatem O.

AU - Newton, Keith

AU - Nicholson, Jeremy K.

AU - De Vos, Willem M.

AU - Gaskins, H. Rex

AU - Zoetendal, Erwin G.

PY - 2015/4/28

Y1 - 2015/4/28

N2 - Rates of colon cancer are much higher in African Americans (65:100,000) than in rural South Africans (<5:100,000). The higher rates are associated with higher animal protein and fat, and lower fibre consumption, higher colonic secondary bile acids, lower colonic short-chain fatty acid quantities and higher mucosal proliferative biomarkers of cancer risk in otherwise healthy middle-aged volunteers. Here we investigate further the role of fat and fibre in this association. We performed 2-week food exchanges in subjects from the same populations, where African Americans were fed a high-fibre, low-fat African-style diet and rural Africans a high-fat, low-fibre western-style diet, under close supervision. In comparison with their usual diets, the food changes resulted in remarkable reciprocal changes in mucosal biomarkers of cancer risk and in aspects of the microbiota and metabolome known to affect cancer risk, best illustrated by increased saccharolytic fermentation and butyrogenesis, and suppressed secondary bile acid synthesis in the African Americans.

AB - Rates of colon cancer are much higher in African Americans (65:100,000) than in rural South Africans (<5:100,000). The higher rates are associated with higher animal protein and fat, and lower fibre consumption, higher colonic secondary bile acids, lower colonic short-chain fatty acid quantities and higher mucosal proliferative biomarkers of cancer risk in otherwise healthy middle-aged volunteers. Here we investigate further the role of fat and fibre in this association. We performed 2-week food exchanges in subjects from the same populations, where African Americans were fed a high-fibre, low-fat African-style diet and rural Africans a high-fat, low-fibre western-style diet, under close supervision. In comparison with their usual diets, the food changes resulted in remarkable reciprocal changes in mucosal biomarkers of cancer risk and in aspects of the microbiota and metabolome known to affect cancer risk, best illustrated by increased saccharolytic fermentation and butyrogenesis, and suppressed secondary bile acid synthesis in the African Americans.

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Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans

Abstract

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