Fall risk assessment of active back-support exoskeleton-use for construction work using foot plantar pressure distribution

In anticipation of the adoption of active back-support exoskeletons in the construction industry, the potential fall risks associated with these devices remain unclear. This study explores the unintended consequences stemming from exoskeleton usage, including the weight, bulkiness, and environmental factors that may contribute to fall risks. Specifically focusing on carpentry framing work, this study assesses the risk of falling while using an active back-support exoskeleton, employing foot plantar pressure distribution data captured with pressure insoles. A simulated framing task, comprising subtasks such as measuring, assembly, nailing, lifting, moving, and installation, was conducted both with and without the use of the active back-support exoskeleton. Foot plantar pressure distribution data for all foot regions were processed, and five pressure metrics were extracted for statistical analysis. Employing a combination of paired t-tests, ANOVA, and post-hoc tests, the findings reveal that the use of exoskeleton significantly increased the pressure metrics in at least one of the subtasks and foot regions, with an increase ranging from 7% to 51%. This suggests an elevated fall risk associated with using the device. Notably, the toe and heel regions are most sensitive to gait changes, while tasks involving movement, measuring, and assembly exhibit the highest fall risk. This study significantly contributes to the understanding of the previously unrecognized fall risk implications associated with active back support exoskeletons in the construction industry. The results explain the relationship between the foot region and construction tasks during exoskeleton-use. The results would inform construction stakeholders, facilitating informed decision-making regarding the adoption of active back support exoskeleton for construction tasks. Furthermore, the study provides valuable insights for the design of exoskeletons tailored to meet the unique demands of the construction work.