Evaporated lithium surface coatings in NSTX

H. W. Kugel; D. Mansfield; R. Maingi; M. G. Bell; R. E. Bell; J. P. Allain; D. Gates; S. Gerhardt; R. Kaita; J. Kallman; S. Kaye; B. LeBlanc; R. Majeski; J. Menard; D. Mueller; M. Ono; S. Paul; R. Raman; A. L. Roquemore; P. W. Ross; S. Sabbagh; H. Schneider; C. H. Skinner; V. Soukhanovskii; T. Stevenson; J. Timberlake; W. R. Wampler; J. Wilgren; L. Zakharov

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.262

Evaporated lithium surface coatings in NSTX

H. W. Kugel, D. Mansfield, R. Maingi, M. G. Bell, R. E. Bell, J. P. Allain, D. Gates, S. Gerhardt, R. Kaita, J. Kallman, S. Kaye, B. LeBlanc, R. Majeski, J. Menard, D. Mueller, M. Ono, S. Paul, R. Raman, A. L. Roquemore, P. W. RossS. Sabbagh, H. Schneider, C. H. Skinner, V. Soukhanovskii, T. Stevenson, J. Timberlake, W. R. Wampler, J. Wilgren, L. Zakharov

Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Two lithium evaporators were used to evaporate more than 100 g of lithium on to the NSTX lower divertor region. Prior to each discharge, the evaporators were withdrawn behind shutters, where they also remained during the subsequent HeGDC applied for periods up to 9.5 min. After the HeGDC, the shutters were opened and the LITERs were reinserted to deposit lithium on the lower divertor target for 10 min, at rates of 10-70 mg/min, prior to the next discharge. The major improvements in plasma performance from these lithium depositions include: (1) plasma density reduction as a result of lithium deposition; (2) suppression of ELMs; (3) improvement of energy confinement in a low-triangularity shape; (4) improvement in plasma performance for standard, high-triangularity discharges; (5) reduction of the required HeGDC time between discharges; (6) increased pedestal electron and ion temperature; (7) reduced SOL plasma density; and (8) reduced edge neutral density.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1000-1004
Number of pages	5
Journal	Journal of Nuclear Materials
Volume	390-391
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.262
State	Published - Jun 15 2009

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Materials Science(all)
Nuclear Energy and Engineering

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10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.262

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Kugel, H. W., Mansfield, D., Maingi, R., Bell, M. G., Bell, R. E., Allain, J. P., Gates, D., Gerhardt, S., Kaita, R., Kallman, J., Kaye, S., LeBlanc, B., Majeski, R., Menard, J., Mueller, D., Ono, M., Paul, S., Raman, R., Roquemore, A. L., ... Zakharov, L. (2009). Evaporated lithium surface coatings in NSTX. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 390-391(1), 1000-1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.262

Kugel, HW, Mansfield, D, Maingi, R, Bell, MG, Bell, RE, Allain, JP, Gates, D, Gerhardt, S, Kaita, R, Kallman, J, Kaye, S, LeBlanc, B, Majeski, R, Menard, J, Mueller, D, Ono, M, Paul, S, Raman, R, Roquemore, AL, Ross, PW, Sabbagh, S, Schneider, H, Skinner, CH, Soukhanovskii, V, Stevenson, T, Timberlake, J, Wampler, WR, Wilgren, J & Zakharov, L 2009, 'Evaporated lithium surface coatings in NSTX', Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 390-391, no. 1, pp. 1000-1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.262

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title = "Evaporated lithium surface coatings in NSTX",

abstract = "Two lithium evaporators were used to evaporate more than 100 g of lithium on to the NSTX lower divertor region. Prior to each discharge, the evaporators were withdrawn behind shutters, where they also remained during the subsequent HeGDC applied for periods up to 9.5 min. After the HeGDC, the shutters were opened and the LITERs were reinserted to deposit lithium on the lower divertor target for 10 min, at rates of 10-70 mg/min, prior to the next discharge. The major improvements in plasma performance from these lithium depositions include: (1) plasma density reduction as a result of lithium deposition; (2) suppression of ELMs; (3) improvement of energy confinement in a low-triangularity shape; (4) improvement in plasma performance for standard, high-triangularity discharges; (5) reduction of the required HeGDC time between discharges; (6) increased pedestal electron and ion temperature; (7) reduced SOL plasma density; and (8) reduced edge neutral density.",

author = "Kugel, {H. W.} and D. Mansfield and R. Maingi and Bell, {M. G.} and Bell, {R. E.} and Allain, {J. P.} and D. Gates and S. Gerhardt and R. Kaita and J. Kallman and S. Kaye and B. LeBlanc and R. Majeski and J. Menard and D. Mueller and M. Ono and S. Paul and R. Raman and Roquemore, {A. L.} and Ross, {P. W.} and S. Sabbagh and H. Schneider and Skinner, {C. H.} and V. Soukhanovskii and T. Stevenson and J. Timberlake and Wampler, {W. R.} and J. Wilgren and L. Zakharov",

note = "Funding Information: This work is supported by United States Department of Energy (US DOE) Contracts DE-AC02-76CH03073 (PPPL), DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), and those of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and that of Sandia, a multi-program laboratory operated by Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy{\textquoteright}s National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. ",

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doi = "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.262",

language = "English (US)",

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T1 - Evaporated lithium surface coatings in NSTX

AU - Kugel, H. W.

AU - Mansfield, D.

AU - Maingi, R.

AU - Bell, M. G.

AU - Bell, R. E.

AU - Allain, J. P.

AU - Gates, D.

AU - Gerhardt, S.

AU - Kaita, R.

AU - Kallman, J.

AU - Kaye, S.

AU - LeBlanc, B.

AU - Majeski, R.

AU - Menard, J.

AU - Mueller, D.

AU - Ono, M.

AU - Paul, S.

AU - Raman, R.

AU - Roquemore, A. L.

AU - Ross, P. W.

AU - Sabbagh, S.

AU - Schneider, H.

AU - Skinner, C. H.

AU - Soukhanovskii, V.

AU - Stevenson, T.

AU - Timberlake, J.

AU - Wampler, W. R.

AU - Wilgren, J.

AU - Zakharov, L.

N1 - Funding Information: This work is supported by United States Department of Energy (US DOE) Contracts DE-AC02-76CH03073 (PPPL), DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), and those of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and that of Sandia, a multi-program laboratory operated by Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

PY - 2009/6/15

Y1 - 2009/6/15

N2 - Two lithium evaporators were used to evaporate more than 100 g of lithium on to the NSTX lower divertor region. Prior to each discharge, the evaporators were withdrawn behind shutters, where they also remained during the subsequent HeGDC applied for periods up to 9.5 min. After the HeGDC, the shutters were opened and the LITERs were reinserted to deposit lithium on the lower divertor target for 10 min, at rates of 10-70 mg/min, prior to the next discharge. The major improvements in plasma performance from these lithium depositions include: (1) plasma density reduction as a result of lithium deposition; (2) suppression of ELMs; (3) improvement of energy confinement in a low-triangularity shape; (4) improvement in plasma performance for standard, high-triangularity discharges; (5) reduction of the required HeGDC time between discharges; (6) increased pedestal electron and ion temperature; (7) reduced SOL plasma density; and (8) reduced edge neutral density.

AB - Two lithium evaporators were used to evaporate more than 100 g of lithium on to the NSTX lower divertor region. Prior to each discharge, the evaporators were withdrawn behind shutters, where they also remained during the subsequent HeGDC applied for periods up to 9.5 min. After the HeGDC, the shutters were opened and the LITERs were reinserted to deposit lithium on the lower divertor target for 10 min, at rates of 10-70 mg/min, prior to the next discharge. The major improvements in plasma performance from these lithium depositions include: (1) plasma density reduction as a result of lithium deposition; (2) suppression of ELMs; (3) improvement of energy confinement in a low-triangularity shape; (4) improvement in plasma performance for standard, high-triangularity discharges; (5) reduction of the required HeGDC time between discharges; (6) increased pedestal electron and ion temperature; (7) reduced SOL plasma density; and (8) reduced edge neutral density.

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VL - 390-391

SP - 1000

EP - 1004

JO - Journal of Nuclear Materials

JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials

IS - 1

ER -

Evaporated lithium surface coatings in NSTX

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