TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluating the ability of a locally focused culling program in removing chronic wasting disease infected free-ranging white-tailed deer in Illinois, USA, 2003–2020
AU - Varga, Csaba
AU - McDonald, Patrick
AU - Brown, William M.
AU - Shelton, Paul
AU - Roca, Alfred L.
AU - Novakofski, Jan E.
AU - Mateus-Pinilla, Nohra E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W‐146‐R, with additional support from the University of Illinois Natural History Survey‐Prairie Research Institute and the Office of the Vice‐Chancellor for Research.
Funding Information:
We thank the Illinois Department of Agriculture Animal Disease Laboratories and the University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for their diagnostic services. We also acknowledge Illinois private landowners and deer hunters for their continued participation and support of the Illinois CWD management and surveillance programs. We are thankful to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources biologists, conservation police officers, and United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services personnel who support, manage and conduct fieldwork; without their support, patience, and collective efforts, this project could not have been completed.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - In northern Illinois, chronic wasting disease (CWD) was first identified in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; hereafter referred to as “deer”) in 2002. To reduce CWD transmission rates in Illinois, wildlife biologists have conducted locally focussed culling of deer since 2003 in areas where CWD has been detected. We used retrospective spatial, temporal and space-time scan statistical models to identify areas and periods where culling removed higher than expected numbers of CWD-positive deer. We included 490 Public Land Survey “sections” (∼2.59 km2) from 15 northern Illinois counties in which at least one deer tested positive for CWD between 2003 and 2020. A negative binomial regression model compared the proportion of CWD positive cases removed from sections with at least one CWD case detected in the previous years, “local area 1 (L1),” to the proportion of CWD cases in adjacent sections—L2, L3, and L4—designated by their increasing distance from L1. Of the 14,661 deer removed and tested via culling, 325 (2.22 %) were CWD-positive. A single temporal CWD cluster occurred in 2020. Three spatial clusters were identified, with a primary cluster located at the border of Boone and Winnebago counties. Four space-time clusters were identified with a primary cluster in the northern portion of the study area from 2003 to 2005 that overlapped with the spatial cluster. The proportion of CWD cases removed from L1 (3.92, 95% CI, 2.56–6.01) and L2 (2.32, 95% CI, 1.50–3.59) were significantly higher compared to L3. Focussing culling efforts on accessible properties closest to L1 areas results in more CWD-infected deer being removed, which highlights the value of collaborations among landowners, hunters, and wildlife management agencies to control CWD. Continuous evaluation and updating of the culling and surveillance programs are essential to mitigate the health burden of CWD on deer populations in Illinois.
AB - In northern Illinois, chronic wasting disease (CWD) was first identified in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; hereafter referred to as “deer”) in 2002. To reduce CWD transmission rates in Illinois, wildlife biologists have conducted locally focussed culling of deer since 2003 in areas where CWD has been detected. We used retrospective spatial, temporal and space-time scan statistical models to identify areas and periods where culling removed higher than expected numbers of CWD-positive deer. We included 490 Public Land Survey “sections” (∼2.59 km2) from 15 northern Illinois counties in which at least one deer tested positive for CWD between 2003 and 2020. A negative binomial regression model compared the proportion of CWD positive cases removed from sections with at least one CWD case detected in the previous years, “local area 1 (L1),” to the proportion of CWD cases in adjacent sections—L2, L3, and L4—designated by their increasing distance from L1. Of the 14,661 deer removed and tested via culling, 325 (2.22 %) were CWD-positive. A single temporal CWD cluster occurred in 2020. Three spatial clusters were identified, with a primary cluster located at the border of Boone and Winnebago counties. Four space-time clusters were identified with a primary cluster in the northern portion of the study area from 2003 to 2005 that overlapped with the spatial cluster. The proportion of CWD cases removed from L1 (3.92, 95% CI, 2.56–6.01) and L2 (2.32, 95% CI, 1.50–3.59) were significantly higher compared to L3. Focussing culling efforts on accessible properties closest to L1 areas results in more CWD-infected deer being removed, which highlights the value of collaborations among landowners, hunters, and wildlife management agencies to control CWD. Continuous evaluation and updating of the culling and surveillance programs are essential to mitigate the health burden of CWD on deer populations in Illinois.
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U2 - 10.1111/tbed.14441
DO - 10.1111/tbed.14441
M3 - Article
C2 - 34953169
AN - SCOPUS:85122328730
SN - 1865-1674
VL - 69
SP - 2867
EP - 2878
JO - Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
JF - Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
IS - 5
ER -