Enriching Deep Learning with Frame Semantics for Empathy Classification in Medical Narrative Essays

Empathy is a vital component of health care and plays a key role in the training of future doctors. Paying attention to medical students' self-reflective stories of their interactions with patients can encourage empathy and the formation of professional identities that embody desirable values such as integrity and respect. We present a computational approach and linguistic analysis of empathic language in a large corpus of 440 essays written by pre-med students as narrated simulated patient-doctor interactions. We analyze the discourse of three kinds of empathy: cognitive, affective, and prosocial as highlighted by expert annotators. We also present various experiments with state-of-theart recurrent neural networks and transformer models for classifying these forms of empathy. To further improve over these results, we develop a novel system architecture that makes use of frame semantics to enrich our state-ofthe-art models. We show that this novel framework leads to significant improvement on the empathy classification task for this dataset.