TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhanced Energy Transfer from Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers to Three-Dimensional Graphene Heterostructures by Laser Nanoshaping
AU - Liu, Jing
AU - Hu, Yaowu
AU - Kumar, Prashant
AU - Liu, Xingtao
AU - Irudayaraj, Joseph M.K.
AU - Cheng, Gary J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Y.H., P.K., and X.L. contributed equally to this work. Financial assistance in the form of National Research Council Senior Research Associateship (G.J.C.), and NSF Grant Nos. CMMI‐0547636 and CMMI 0928752 (G.J.C.) has been crucial for these experiments. This work was also supported by grants from NSF (1249315) and W. M. Keck Foundation provided to J.M.K.I. The authors thank Dr. Naresh Kumar Emani, Mikhail Y. Shalaginov, Alexei S. Lagoutchev, Vladimir M. Shalaev, and Alexander Kildishev for fruitful discussions; the authors also acknowledge Mojib Saei for the assistance in the preparation of the schematic, and Jennifer Sturgis for providing help on instrumentation.
Funding Information:
Y.H., P.K., and X.L. contributed equally to this work. Financial assistance in the form of National Research Council Senior Research Associateship (G.J.C.), and NSF Grant Nos. CMMI-0547636 and CMMI 0928752 (G.J.C.) has been crucial for these experiments. This work was also supported by grants from NSF (1249315) and W. M. Keck Foundation provided to J.M.K.I. The authors thank Dr. Naresh Kumar Emani, Mikhail Y. Shalaginov, Alexei S. Lagoutchev, Vladimir M. Shalaev, and Alexander Kildishev for fruitful discussions; the authors also acknowledge Mojib Saei for the assistance in the preparation of the schematic, and Jennifer Sturgis for providing help on instrumentation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
PY - 2021/12/3
Y1 - 2021/12/3
N2 - Graphene, a well-studied 2D material, is used to tailor the emission behavior of proximal light emitters by controlling the energy flow to modulate the related relaxation rates, with potentials in fields of biosensing and photovoltaics. Good interface between emitters and 2D materials are important to efficiently modulate the photon emission behavior. However, seamless integration of quantum light emitters and atomically thin materials is challenging due to fabrication limitation. In this paper, the utilization of laser nanoshaping approaches to “wrap” the atomically thin graphene on nanodiamond particles is reported. Compared with 2D layout, the 3D integration enhances the energy transfer by 45%. Furthermore, it is found that the energy transfer efficiency of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers to the 3D graphene can reach a maximum value of 80% over a long distance (≈25 nm), under intense laser excitation. The authors’ analysis indicates that the photon-generated carrier density of graphene enhances the nonradiative decay rate of NV centers. Besides contributing new insight on the fundamentals of interactions between graphene and quantum emitters, the effort undertaken furthermore holds tremendous promise in developing the graphene-based nano-cavities for various applications ranging from sensing, to photovoltaics, to lasing, and to quantum communications.
AB - Graphene, a well-studied 2D material, is used to tailor the emission behavior of proximal light emitters by controlling the energy flow to modulate the related relaxation rates, with potentials in fields of biosensing and photovoltaics. Good interface between emitters and 2D materials are important to efficiently modulate the photon emission behavior. However, seamless integration of quantum light emitters and atomically thin materials is challenging due to fabrication limitation. In this paper, the utilization of laser nanoshaping approaches to “wrap” the atomically thin graphene on nanodiamond particles is reported. Compared with 2D layout, the 3D integration enhances the energy transfer by 45%. Furthermore, it is found that the energy transfer efficiency of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers to the 3D graphene can reach a maximum value of 80% over a long distance (≈25 nm), under intense laser excitation. The authors’ analysis indicates that the photon-generated carrier density of graphene enhances the nonradiative decay rate of NV centers. Besides contributing new insight on the fundamentals of interactions between graphene and quantum emitters, the effort undertaken furthermore holds tremendous promise in developing the graphene-based nano-cavities for various applications ranging from sensing, to photovoltaics, to lasing, and to quantum communications.
KW - energy coupling
KW - multiphoton emission
KW - nitrogen-vacancy centers
KW - opto–mechanical nanoshaping
KW - two-dimensional/three-dimensional graphene nanostructures
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U2 - 10.1002/adom.202001830
DO - 10.1002/adom.202001830
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85099378053
SN - 2195-1071
VL - 9
JO - Advanced Optical Materials
JF - Advanced Optical Materials
IS - 23
M1 - 2001830
ER -