Empirical seismic vulnerability models for building clusters considering hybrid intensity measures

Seismic risk and vulnerability assessments of buildings are essential to quantify the vulnerability of large-scale urban and rural areas. Regional risk analysis needs a relationship model between ground motion parameters (macroseismic intensities) and structural seismic demands. However, the current practice mainly considers only the impact of horizontal seismic demands, while often neglecting the vertical seismic demands. Additionally, the selection of the macroseismic intensities traditionally depends on the chosen empirical damage assessment method. However, different macroseismic intensities even for the same ground motion might lead to different results. This paper comprehensively considers the impact of multidirectional earthquake sequences, updates the instrument intensity calculation model, and proposes a quantitative method considering hybrid intensity measures to assess the vulnerability of building clusters. The traditional nonlinear regression model is modified and improved using risk analysis, reliability, Bayesian, and probabilist methods. The updated vulnerability model of typical building clusters is then developed based on the hybrid intensity measures. The field inspection database of 57 typical destructive earthquakes in Yunnan, China, is used to update the prediction models for the seismic vulnerability of buildings.