Electrical modeling of global interconnects with electromagnetic accuracy

This paper presents a numerically stable integral equation methodology for the full-wave electromagnetic analysis of the three-dimensional interconnect networks, integrated passives and power distribution grids used in high-speed digital and mixed-signal integrated electronic systems. The proposed methodology is based on a generalized version of the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) interpretation of the electric field integral equation that utilizes triangular cells for the discretization of conductor surfaces and thus is capable of handling structures of arbitrary shapes. Furthermore, a mesh analysis formulation of the PEEC approximation is utilized to ensure the numerical stability of the solver at very low frequencies and thus enable broadband analysis with electromagnetic accuracy from dc to multi-GHz frequencies.