@article{82fc8d78f820471e90178dc4d20d5755,
title = "Electrical double-layer structure at the rutile-water interface as observed in situ with small-period X-ray standing waves",
abstract = "X-Ray standing wave (XSW) measurements were made of Rb and Sr adsorbed from aqueous solutions at the rutile (110)water interface. These experiments were performed to address the extent to which direct measurements of electrical double-layer structure are possible. The experimental results show that the Bragg XSW technique, using small-period standing waves generated by Bragg diffraction from the substrate, can precisely measure ion locations within the condensed layer and the in situ partitioning of ions between the condensed and diffuse layers. Differences in condensed layer ion positions were observed for Sr ions (measured in situ) as compared with Rb ions (in situ) and also for Sr ions (ex situ). An additional constraint on the ex situ Sr site geometry was provided by polarization-dependent surface EXAFS measurements. Such measurements can provide important constraints for the development and verification of electrical double-layer theory especially as applied to ion adsorption at the solid-water interface. (C) 2000 Academic Press.",
keywords = "Electrical double layer, Mineral-fluid interface, Rutile, Sr and Rb adsorption, X-ray standing waves",
author = "P. Fenter and L. Cheng and S. Rihs and M. MacHesky and Bedzyk, {M. J.} and Sturchio, {N. C.}",
note = "Funding Information: 1This article has been created by the University of Chicago as operator of Argonne National Laboratory under Contract W-31-109-ENG-38 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. government{\textquoteright}s right to retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license in and to the copyright covering this paper, for governmental purposes, is acknowledged. Funding Information: The XSW experiments were performed at the undulator beamline station 12-ID-D (BESSRC-CAT) at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The SEXAFS measurements were performed at beamline X-15A at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The work was supported by the Geosciences Research Program, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-ENG-38 at Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. M.M. acknowledges the support of the Illinois State Water Survey and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. We thank Phillip Geissb{\"u}hler for help during the initial phase of these measurements, Dimitri Sverjensky for a careful reading of an early version of the manuscript, and David Wesolowski and three anonymous reviewers for providing constructive review comments.",
year = "2000",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1006/jcis.2000.6756",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "225",
pages = "154--165",
journal = "Journal of Colloid And Interface Science",
issn = "0021-9797",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
number = "1",
}