Effects of the turbocharged Miller cycle strategy on the performance improvement and emission characteristics of diesel engines

The turbocharged Miller cycle strategy is studied to improve the power density of diesel engines and reduce emissions. A thermodynamic model and a 1D simulation model of turbocharged diesel engine are established. Results show that the introduction of the Miller cycle reduces the thermal efficiency under naturally aspirated conditions because of the low effective compression ratio, whereas it increases the thermal efficiency under a turbocharged condition owing to the energy recovered by the turbocharger. Under restricted combustion pressure and fixed intake mass, the thermal efficiency first increases and then decreases with increasing Miller cycle ratio, and the peaks occur at approximately 30%–50%. The gain of isochoric combustion ratio overlaps the loss of effective compression ratio due to the Miller cycle on the lower side, whereas it reverses on the higher side. With maximum and equal intake mass, the maximum power initially increases and subsequently decreases with increasing Miller cycle ratio, reaching a peak at 40%. Under a fixed isochoric combustion ratio, the thermal efficiency first increases and then decreases with increasing intake mass, and the optimum intake mass corresponding to the highest thermal efficiency decreases with increasing Miller cycle ratio. The lower the restricted combustion pressure is, the higher the gain in power and thermal efficiency by the Miller cycle strategy. Based on the calculation of the 1D model validated using a practical engine, the power can be increased from 41.6 kW/L to 100 kW/L while the brake thermal efficiency can be increased from 34.98% into 38.55% by increasing the Miller cycle ratio from 19% to 30% and the combustion pressure from 17.7 MPa to 35 MPa. With the application of the supercharged Miller cycle, when the Miller cycle ratio is 30% and the power intensity is increased from 60 kW/L to 100 kW/L, NOx decreases by 32.4%, CO decreases by 28%, showing a tendency to decrease and then stabilize, and HC increases by 5.3%. When the power is 80 kW/L and the Miller cycle ratio is increased from 10% to 30%, NOx decreases by 8.6%, CO decreases by 2%, and HC increases by 0.04%.