TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of Sucralose Ingestion versus Sucralose Taste on Metabolic Responses to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Participants with Normal Weight and Obesity
T2 - A Randomized Crossover Trial
AU - Nichol, Alexander D.
AU - Salame, Clara
AU - Rother, Kristina I.
AU - Pepino, M. Yanina
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants P30 DK020579 (Diabetes Research Center Pilot & Feasibility Research Award) and P30 DK056341 (Nutrition Obesity Research Center), American Diabetes Association grant 1-19-ICTS-092, and the intramural research program at the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the NIH.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/1
Y1 - 2020/1
N2 - Here, we tested the hypothesis that sucralose differentially affects metabolic responses to labeled oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in participants with normal weight and obesity. Participants (10 with normal weight and 11 with obesity) without diabetes underwent three dual-tracer OGTTs preceded, in a randomized order, by consuming sucralose or water, or by tasting and expectorating sucralose (e.g., sham-fed; sweetness control). Indices of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity (SI) were estimated using oral minimal models of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide kinetics. Compared with water, sucralose ingested (but not sham-fed) resulted in a 30 ± 10% increased glucose area under the curve in both weight groups. In contrast, the insulin response to sucralose ingestion differed depending on the presence of obesity: decreased within 20–40 min of the OGTT in normal-weight participants but increased within 90–120 min in participants with obesity. Sham-fed sucralose similarly decreased insulin concentrations within 60 min of the OGTT in both weight groups. Sucralose ingested (but not sham-fed) increased SI in normal-weight participants by 52 ± 20% but did not affect SI in participants with obesity. Sucralose did not affect glucose rates of appearance or β-cell function in either weight group. Our data underscore a physiological role for taste perception in postprandial glucose responses, suggesting sweeteners should be consumed in moderation.
AB - Here, we tested the hypothesis that sucralose differentially affects metabolic responses to labeled oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in participants with normal weight and obesity. Participants (10 with normal weight and 11 with obesity) without diabetes underwent three dual-tracer OGTTs preceded, in a randomized order, by consuming sucralose or water, or by tasting and expectorating sucralose (e.g., sham-fed; sweetness control). Indices of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity (SI) were estimated using oral minimal models of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide kinetics. Compared with water, sucralose ingested (but not sham-fed) resulted in a 30 ± 10% increased glucose area under the curve in both weight groups. In contrast, the insulin response to sucralose ingestion differed depending on the presence of obesity: decreased within 20–40 min of the OGTT in normal-weight participants but increased within 90–120 min in participants with obesity. Sham-fed sucralose similarly decreased insulin concentrations within 60 min of the OGTT in both weight groups. Sucralose ingested (but not sham-fed) increased SI in normal-weight participants by 52 ± 20% but did not affect SI in participants with obesity. Sucralose did not affect glucose rates of appearance or β-cell function in either weight group. Our data underscore a physiological role for taste perception in postprandial glucose responses, suggesting sweeteners should be consumed in moderation.
KW - low-calorie sweeteners
KW - artificial sweeteners
KW - non-nutritive sweeteners
KW - sucralose
KW - glucose metabolism
KW - oral glucose tolerance test
KW - insulin
KW - Oral glucose tolerance test
KW - Insulin
KW - Artificial sweeteners
KW - Glucose metabolism
KW - Non-nutritive sweeteners
KW - Sucralose
KW - Low-calorie sweeteners
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U2 - 10.3390/nu12010029
DO - 10.3390/nu12010029
M3 - Article
C2 - 31877631
SN - 2072-6643
VL - 12
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
IS - 1
M1 - 29
ER -