@article{dd8dc5baee6441e8b896bf1e15ece019,
title = "Effect of Helicobacter pylori's vacuolating cytotoxin on the autophagy pathway in gastric epithelial cells",
abstract = "Host cell responses to Helicobacter pylori infection are complex and incompletely understood. Here, we report that autophagy is induced within human-derived gastric epithelial cells (AGS) in response to H. pylori infection. These autophagosomes were distinct and different from the large vacuoles induced during H. pylori infection. Autophagosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy, conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, GFP-LC3 recruitment to autophagosomes, and depended on Atg5 and Atg12. The induction of autophagy depended on the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and, moreover, VacA was sufficient to induce autophagosome formation. The channel-forming activity of VacA was necessary for inducing autophagy. Intracellular VacA partially co-localized with GFP-LC3, indicating that the toxin associates with autophagosomes. The inhibition of autophagy increased the stability of intracellular VacA, which in turn resulted in enhanced toxin-mediated cellular vacuolation. These findings suggest that the induction of autophagy by VacA may represent a host mechanism to limit toxin-induced cellular damage.",
keywords = "Autophagy, H. Pylori, VacA",
author = "Terebiznik, {Mauricio R.} and Deepa Raju and V{\'a}zquez, {Cristina L.} and Karl Torbricki and Reshma Kulkarni and Blanke, {Steven R.} and Tamotsu Yoshimori and Colombo, {Mar{\'i}a I.} and Jones, {Nicola L.}",
note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to Drs. John Brumell and Sergio Grinstein, (The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto), for helpful discussion and critical reading of the manuscript. We thank Gustavo Mallo and Akriti Prashar for assistance with experimental design. We thank Dr. Noboru Mizushima (Tokyo, Japan) for providing us with the Atg5-/- MEFs cells. C.V. was supported by an ASM International Studentship. N.L.J. is supported by CIHR (MOP-86619), Crohn{\textquoteright}s and Colitis Funding Information: CIHR/Abbott operating Grants and an Foundation of Canada, Canadian Association distribute.Early Researcher Award. of Gastroenterology/ S.R.B. is supported by a NIH Grant R01 AI45928. Authors disclose no commercial affiliations or consultancies, stock or equity interests, or patent-licensing arrangements that could be considered to pose a conflict of interest regardingn thoe sutb mitted manuscript. Note Supplementary materials can be found at: www.landesbioDo science.com/supplement/ TerebiznikAUTO5-3-Sup.pdf",
year = "2009",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.4161/auto.5.3.7663",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "5",
pages = "370--379",
journal = "Autophagy",
issn = "1554-8627",
publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
number = "3",
}