Double line outage detection using phasor angle measurements

Building upon prior research in single outage detection, this work looks at how double line outages can be detected using a combination of pre-outage topology information and real-time phase angle measurements that are typically obtained from phasor measurements units (PMUs). For double line outage detection, there are two key issues which must be addressed: identification of equivalent outages and reduction of the event search space. The existence of indistinguishable outages due to incomplete PMU deployment is proved and a method of recognizing these indistinguishable outages is presented. In addition, methods for reducing the size of the multiple line outage event space are discussed.