Dollar, energy, and labor cost differentials in leaded vs unleaded gasoline

Using an input-output study of the United States refining industry, dollar, energy, and labor costs are calculated for the production of unleaded and leaded gasoline of approximately the same Research Octane Number. Results of this study indicate that dollar costs of producing unleaded gasoline equal about 90 percent of those incurred in producing leaded gasoline of the same octane number, while energy costs of producing unleaded fuel are about 10 percent greater than energy costs of producing leaded fuel.