TY - JOUR
T1 - Distribution comparison and risk assessment of free-floating and particle-attached bacterial pathogens in urban recreational water
T2 - Implications for water quality management
AU - Fang, Tingting
AU - Cui, Qijia
AU - Huang, Yong
AU - Dong, Peiyan
AU - Wang, Hui
AU - Liu, Wen Tso
AU - Ye, Quanhui
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the National Key Research on Water Environment Pollution Control in China (No. 2012ZX07301-001 ) and the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51138006 ).
PY - 2018/2/1
Y1 - 2018/2/1
N2 - The risk of pathogen exposure in recreational water is a concern worldwide. Moreover, suspended particles, as ideal shelters for pathogens, in these waters also need attention. However, the risk caused by the pathogen-particle attachment is largely unknown. Accordingly, water samples in three recreational lakes in Beijing were collected and separated into free-floating (FL, 0.22–5 μm) and particle-attached (PA, > 5 μm) fractions. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was employed to determine the diversity of genera containing pathogens, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to assess the presence of genes from Escherichia coli (uidA), Salmonella enterica (invA), Aeromonas spp. (aerA), Mycobacterium avium (16S) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (oaa). The NGS results showed stable pathogen genera composition distinctions between the PA and FL fractions. Some genera, such as Aeromonas and Mycobacterium, exhibited higher abundances in the PA fractions. qPCR revealed that most of the gene concentrations were higher within particles than were FL fractions. Some gene levels showed correlations with the particle concentrations and lake nutrient levels. Further quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of selected strains (S. enterica and M. avium) indicated a higher health risk during secondary contact activities in lakes with more nutrients and particles. We concluded that suspended particles (mainly composed of algae) in urban recreational water might influence the pathogen distribution and could serve as reservoirs for pathogen contamination, with important management implications.
AB - The risk of pathogen exposure in recreational water is a concern worldwide. Moreover, suspended particles, as ideal shelters for pathogens, in these waters also need attention. However, the risk caused by the pathogen-particle attachment is largely unknown. Accordingly, water samples in three recreational lakes in Beijing were collected and separated into free-floating (FL, 0.22–5 μm) and particle-attached (PA, > 5 μm) fractions. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was employed to determine the diversity of genera containing pathogens, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to assess the presence of genes from Escherichia coli (uidA), Salmonella enterica (invA), Aeromonas spp. (aerA), Mycobacterium avium (16S) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (oaa). The NGS results showed stable pathogen genera composition distinctions between the PA and FL fractions. Some genera, such as Aeromonas and Mycobacterium, exhibited higher abundances in the PA fractions. qPCR revealed that most of the gene concentrations were higher within particles than were FL fractions. Some gene levels showed correlations with the particle concentrations and lake nutrient levels. Further quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of selected strains (S. enterica and M. avium) indicated a higher health risk during secondary contact activities in lakes with more nutrients and particles. We concluded that suspended particles (mainly composed of algae) in urban recreational water might influence the pathogen distribution and could serve as reservoirs for pathogen contamination, with important management implications.
KW - Human health risks
KW - Pathogen diversity and concentration
KW - Recreational water
KW - Suspended particles
KW - Water management
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U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.008
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.008
M3 - Article
C2 - 28918274
AN - SCOPUS:85029392668
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 613-614
SP - 428
EP - 438
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -