TY - JOUR
T1 - Distinct genetic clustering in the weakly differentiated polar cod, Boreogadus saida Lepechin, 1774 from East Siberian Sea to Svalbard
AU - Quintela, María
AU - Bhat, Shripathi
AU - Præbel, Kim
AU - Gordeeva, Natalia
AU - Seljestad, Gaute W.
AU - Hanebrekke, Tanja
AU - Mateos-Rivera, Alejandro
AU - Vikebø, Frode
AU - Zelenina, Daria
AU - Cheng, Chi Hing Christina
AU - Johansen, Torild
N1 - Funding Information:
Open access funding provided by Institute Of Marine Research. The funding for the present research has been provided by the following institutions: Equinor through the Grant No. 4590100459; VIGG RAS and IORAS Russian Government basic research programmes for 2019–2021 (# 0112-2019-0001 and # 0149-2018-0008); the Institute of Marine Research through funding from the Norwegian Ministry for Industry and Fisheries (NFD) and the projects “Stock complexes in the Barents Sea” (the Barents Sea program) and “Polar cod” (“Økologiske prosesser”) programme; the UiT–The Arctic University of Norway through the TUNU Programme. The Research Council of Norway is thanked for financial support through the project “Arctic ecosystem impact assessment of oil in ice under climate change” (ACTION - RCN no. 314449/E40).
Funding Information:
We would like to thank Georg Skaret, Jostein Røttingen, Elena Eriksen, the staff of the Polar branch of VNIRO and the crew on board all research vessels in Norway and Russia for collecting the samples. The crew of RV Helmer Hanssen is thanked for providing samples from NE Greenland and Svalbard waters for SNPs development. Georg Skaret and Stine Karlson are acknowledged for performing the age determination of the fish. We are grateful to Bjørghild Breistein, Geir Dahle, Per Erik Jorde and François Besnier for inspiring discussions on an early stage of this manuscript. The following entities are thanked for providing financial support: Equinor through the Grant No. 4590100459; VIGG RAS and IORAS Russian Government basic research programmes for 2019–2021 (# 0112-2019-0001 and # 0149-2018-0008); the Institute of Marine Research through funding from the Norwegian Ministry for Industry and Fisheries (NFD) and the projects “Stock complexes in the Barents Sea” (the Barents Sea program) and “Polar cod” (“Økologiske prosesser”) programme; the UiT–The Arctic University of Norway through the TUNU Programme. The Research Council of Norway is thanked for financial support through the project “Arctic ecosystem impact assessment of oil in ice under climate change” (ACTION - RCN no. 314449/E40). Great thanks are also due to reviewer Sharon Wildes and to the two anonymous referees for their insightful comments to the first version of the manuscript.
Funding Information:
We would like to thank Georg Skaret, Jostein R?ttingen, Elena Eriksen, the staff of the Polar branch of VNIRO and the crew on board all research vessels in Norway and Russia for collecting the samples. The crew of RV Helmer Hanssen is thanked for providing samples from NE Greenland and Svalbard waters for SNPs development. Georg Skaret and Stine Karlson are acknowledged for performing the age determination of the fish. We are grateful to Bj?rghild Breistein, Geir Dahle, Per Erik Jorde and Fran?ois Besnier for inspiring discussions on an early stage of this manuscript. The following entities are thanked for providing financial support: Equinor through the Grant No. 4590100459; VIGG RAS and IORAS Russian Government basic research programmes for 2019?2021 (# 0112-2019-0001 and # 0149-2018-0008); the Institute of Marine Research through funding from the Norwegian Ministry for Industry and Fisheries (NFD) and the projects ?Stock complexes in the Barents Sea? (the Barents Sea program) and ?Polar cod? (??kologiske prosesser?) programme; the UiT?The Arctic University of Norway through the TUNU Programme. The Research Council of Norway is thanked for financial support through the project ?Arctic ecosystem impact assessment of oil in ice under climate change? (ACTION - RCN no. 314449/E40).?Great thanks are also due to reviewer Sharon Wildes and to the two anonymous referees for their insightful comments to the first version of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - The cold-adapted polar cod Boreogadus saida, a key species in Arctic ecosystems, is vulnerable to global warming and ice retreat. In this study, 1257 individuals sampled in 17 locations within the latitudinal range of 75–81°N from Svalbard to East Siberian Sea were genotyped with a dedicated suite of 116 single-nucleotide polymorphic loci (SNP). The overall pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) found was driven by the two easternmost samples (East Siberian Sea and Laptev Sea), whereas no differentiation was registered in the area between the Kara Sea and Svalbard. Eleven SNP under strong linkage disequilibrium, nine of which could be annotated to chromosome 2 in Atlantic cod, defined two genetic groups of distinct size, with the major cluster containing seven-fold larger number of individuals than the minor. No underlying geographic basis was evident, as both clusters were detected throughout all sampling sites in relatively similar proportions (i.e. individuals in the minor cluster ranging between 4 and 19% on the location basis). Similarly, females and males were also evenly distributed between clusters and age groups. A differentiation was, however, found regarding size at age: individuals belonging to the major cluster were significantly longer in the second year. This study contributes to increasing the population genetic knowledge of this species and suggests that an appropriate management should be ensured to safeguard its diversity.
AB - The cold-adapted polar cod Boreogadus saida, a key species in Arctic ecosystems, is vulnerable to global warming and ice retreat. In this study, 1257 individuals sampled in 17 locations within the latitudinal range of 75–81°N from Svalbard to East Siberian Sea were genotyped with a dedicated suite of 116 single-nucleotide polymorphic loci (SNP). The overall pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) found was driven by the two easternmost samples (East Siberian Sea and Laptev Sea), whereas no differentiation was registered in the area between the Kara Sea and Svalbard. Eleven SNP under strong linkage disequilibrium, nine of which could be annotated to chromosome 2 in Atlantic cod, defined two genetic groups of distinct size, with the major cluster containing seven-fold larger number of individuals than the minor. No underlying geographic basis was evident, as both clusters were detected throughout all sampling sites in relatively similar proportions (i.e. individuals in the minor cluster ranging between 4 and 19% on the location basis). Similarly, females and males were also evenly distributed between clusters and age groups. A differentiation was, however, found regarding size at age: individuals belonging to the major cluster were significantly longer in the second year. This study contributes to increasing the population genetic knowledge of this species and suggests that an appropriate management should be ensured to safeguard its diversity.
KW - Boreogadus saida
KW - Conservation genetics
KW - Genetic structure
KW - Global warming
KW - Management
KW - Polar cod
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109351818&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1007/s00300-021-02911-7
DO - 10.1007/s00300-021-02911-7
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85109351818
SN - 0722-4060
VL - 44
SP - 1711
EP - 1724
JO - Polar Biology
JF - Polar Biology
IS - 8
ER -