Diffractive Spectral-Splitting Optical Element Designed by Adjoint-Based Electromagnetic Optimization and Fabricated by Femtosecond 3D Direct Laser Writing

T. Patrick Xiao, Osman S. Cifci, Samarth Bhargava, Hao Chen, Timo Gissibl, Weijun Zhou, Harald Giessen, Kimani C. Toussaint, Eli Yablonovitch, Paul V. Braun

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The greatest source of loss in conventional single-junction photovoltaic cells is their inefficient utilization of the energy contained in the full spectrum of sunlight. To overcome this deficiency, we propose a multijunction system that laterally splits the solar spectrum onto a planar array of single-junction cells with different band gaps. As a first demonstration, we designed, fabricated, and characterized dispersive diffractive optics that spatially separated the visible (360-760 nm) and near-infrared (760-1100 nm) bands of sunlight in the far field. Inverse electromagnetic design was used to optimize the surface texture of the thin diffractive phase element. An optimized thin film fabricated by femtosecond two-photon absorption 3D direct laser writing shows an average splitting ratio of 69.5% between the visible and near-infrared light over the 380-970 nm range at normal incidence. The splitting efficiency is predicted to be 80.4% assuming a structure without fabrication errors. Spectral-splitting action is observed within an angular range of ±1° from normal incidence. Further design optimization and fabrication improvements can increase the splitting efficiency under direct sunlight, increase the tolerance to angular errors, allow for a more compact geometry, and ultimately incorporate a greater number of photovoltaic band gaps.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)886-894
Number of pages9
JournalACS Photonics
Volume3
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - May 18 2016

Keywords

  • adjoint optimization
  • diffractive optical element
  • direct laser writing
  • inverse design
  • multijunction photovoltaics
  • spectral splitting

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
  • Biotechnology
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
  • Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Diffractive Spectral-Splitting Optical Element Designed by Adjoint-Based Electromagnetic Optimization and Fabricated by Femtosecond 3D Direct Laser Writing'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this