TY - JOUR
T1 - Differentiation of otitis media-causing bacteria and biofilms via Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography
AU - Locke, Andrea K.
AU - Zaki, Farzana R.
AU - Fitzgerald, Sean T.
AU - Sudhir, Kavya
AU - Monroy, Guillermo L.
AU - Choi, Honggu
AU - Won, Jungeun
AU - Mahadevan-Jansen, Anita
AU - Boppart, Stephen A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Locke, Zaki, Fitzgerald, Sudhir, Monroy, Choi, Won, Mahadevan-Jansen and Boppart.
PY - 2022/8/10
Y1 - 2022/8/10
N2 - In the management of otitis media (OM), identification of causative bacterial pathogens and knowledge of their biofilm formation can provide more targeted treatment approaches. Current clinical diagnostic methods rely on the visualization of the tympanic membrane and lack real-time assessment of the causative pathogen(s) and the nature of any biofilm that may reside behind the membrane and within the middle ear cavity. In recent years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been demonstrated as an improved in vivo diagnostic tool for visualization and morphological characterization of OM biofilms and middle ear effusions; but lacks specificity about the causative bacterial species. This study proposes the combination of OCT and Raman spectroscopy (RS) to examine differences in the refractive index, optical attenuation, and biochemical composition of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; four of the leading otopathogens in OM. This combination provides a dual optical approach for identifying and differentiating OM-causing bacterial species under three different in vitro growth environments (i.e., agar-grown colonies, planktonic cells from liquid cultures, and biofilms). This study showed that RS was able to identify key biochemical variations to differentiate all four OM-causing bacteria. Additionally, biochemical spectral changes (RS) and differences in the mean attenuation coefficient (OCT) were able to distinguish the growth environment for each bacterial species.
AB - In the management of otitis media (OM), identification of causative bacterial pathogens and knowledge of their biofilm formation can provide more targeted treatment approaches. Current clinical diagnostic methods rely on the visualization of the tympanic membrane and lack real-time assessment of the causative pathogen(s) and the nature of any biofilm that may reside behind the membrane and within the middle ear cavity. In recent years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been demonstrated as an improved in vivo diagnostic tool for visualization and morphological characterization of OM biofilms and middle ear effusions; but lacks specificity about the causative bacterial species. This study proposes the combination of OCT and Raman spectroscopy (RS) to examine differences in the refractive index, optical attenuation, and biochemical composition of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; four of the leading otopathogens in OM. This combination provides a dual optical approach for identifying and differentiating OM-causing bacterial species under three different in vitro growth environments (i.e., agar-grown colonies, planktonic cells from liquid cultures, and biofilms). This study showed that RS was able to identify key biochemical variations to differentiate all four OM-causing bacteria. Additionally, biochemical spectral changes (RS) and differences in the mean attenuation coefficient (OCT) were able to distinguish the growth environment for each bacterial species.
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - bacteria
KW - bacterial infection
KW - biofilms
KW - biophotonics
KW - optical coherence tomography
KW - optical spectroscopy
KW - otitis media
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U2 - 10.3389/fcimb.2022.869761
DO - 10.3389/fcimb.2022.869761
M3 - Article
C2 - 36034696
AN - SCOPUS:85130943646
SN - 2235-2988
VL - 12
JO - Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
JF - Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
M1 - 869761
ER -