@inproceedings{8e7b19f24063402ca7b489197bf7907a,
title = "Determination of percent working binder in recycled asphalt pavement materials",
abstract = "The amount of working binder available in RAP materials is unknown. A research plan was developed to determine the amount of working binder using complex modulus measurements of mixes containing stockpile RAP and the aggregate and binder recovered from the original RAP. The mixtures made from the recovered RAP materials were used as a basis of comparison to determine the amount of working binder. The testing was not able to determine an amount of working binder. However, when investigating the mix design method, it was found that the RAP mixes were behaving as if 100% of the binder was working. It was also determined that double bumping the asphalt grade softened the mix. Future use of RAP in mixes should not require special considerations in mix design, but the new binder should be modified to offset an increased stiffness produced with the use of RAP.",
author = "Al-Qadi, {Imad L} and Carpenter, {S. H.} and Roberts, {G. L.} and Hasan Ozer",
year = "2008",
doi = "10.1201/9780203881200.ch47",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9780415489799",
series = "Efficient Transportation and Pavement Systems: Characterization, Mechanisms, Simulation, and Modeling - Proceedings of the 4th International Gulf Conference on Roads",
publisher = "CRC Press",
pages = "505--516",
booktitle = "Efficient Transportation and Pavement Systems",
}