Detection of island formation and identification of causal factors under multiple line outages

The detection of island formation in power networks is prerequisite for the study of security analysis and control. We develop a combined graph-theoretic-algebraic approach to detect island formation in power system networks under multiple line outages. We construct the approach by gaining insights into the topological impacts of outaged lines on system connectivity from the use of power transfer distribution factor information. We develop a one-to-one relationship between minimal cutsets and a matrix of the generalized line outage distribution factors for multiple line outages. This relationship requires computations on lower order matrices and so is able to provide rapidly essential information. The proposed approach detects the island formation and identifies the subset of outaged lines that is the causal factor. Furthermore, for cases in which the set of outaged lines does not result in system separation, the method has the ability to identify whether a set of candidate line outages separates the system. Consequently, the need for establishing nodal system connectivity is bypassed. We illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach on two large-scale networks. The proposed approach provides an effective tool for both real-time and offline environments for security analysis and control.