Description and evaluation of an ultra-processed food consumption score for children

Anna Müller, Caroline dos Santos Costa, Romina Buffarini, Juliana dos Santos Vaz, Marlos Rodrigues Domingues, Pedro Curi Hallal, Janaina Vieira dos Santos Motta

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To present a screener for consumption of ultra-processed foods for children in early childhood, evaluating the ability of the score generated by this screener to reflect the participation of ultra-processed foods in children’s diets. METHODS: This study was conducted with a convenience subsample of the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort (n = 365). The mothers of the participating children answered a food consumption questionnaire the day before the interview (screener) containing 16 subgroups of ultra-processed foods, followed by a traditional 24-hour food recall (24hR). Each participant’s ultra-processed food consumption score corresponded to the number of food subgroups consumed and the percentage of energy derived from the participation of ultra-processed foods in the diet on the same day was calculated from the answers in the 24hR. The association between the score and the percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods was tested using linear regression models. The degree of agreement between the classification of participants according to approximate fifths of the percentage of calories from ultra-processed foods and according to the score intervals was assessed using the Pabak index. RESULTS: The average percentage share of ultra-processed foods in the total caloric value of the diet, calculated using the 24hR, was directly and significantly associated with an increase in the ultra-processed food consumption score. There was substantial agreement between the ranges of the ultra-processed food consumption score obtained by the screener and the approximate fifths of the share of ultra-processed foods in the diet calculated by the 24hR (Pabak index = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: The ultra-processed food consumption score, obtained from an ultra-processed food consumption screener, a practical and agile instrument, is capable of reflecting the participation of ultra-processed foods in children’s diets, with regard to the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numbere5
JournalRevista de saude publica
Volume59
DOIs
StatePublished - 2025
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Child Nutrition
  • Food intake
  • Processed Food
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Validation Study

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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