TY - JOUR
T1 - Denitrification versus respiratory ammonification
T2 - Environmental controls of two competing dissimilatory NO 3-/NO 2-reduction pathways in Shewanella loihica strain PV-4
AU - Yoon, Sukhwan
AU - Cruz-García, Claribel
AU - Sanford, Robert
AU - Ritalahti, Kirsti M.
AU - Löffler, Frank E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 International Society for Microbial Ecology.
PY - 2015/5/24
Y1 - 2015/5/24
N2 - Denitrification and respiratory ammonification are two competing, energy-conserving NO 3 - /NO 2 - reduction pathways that have major biogeochemical consequences for N retention, plant growth and climate. Batch and continuous culture experiments using Shewanella loihica strain PV-4, a bacterium possessing both the denitrification and respiratory ammonification pathways, revealed factors that determine NO 3 - /NO 2 - fate. Denitrification dominated at low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios (that is, electron donor-limiting growth conditions), whereas ammonium was the predominant product at high C/N ratios (that is, electron acceptor-limiting growth conditions). pH and temperature also affected NO 3 - /NO 2 - fate, and incubation above pH 7.0 and temperatures of 30 °C favored ammonium formation. Reverse-transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR analyses correlated the phenotypic observations with nirK and nosZ transcript abundances that decreased up to 1600-fold and 27-fold, respectively, under conditions favoring respiratory ammonification. Of the two nrfA genes encoded on the strain PV-4 genome, nrfA 0844 transcription decreased only when the chemostat reactor received medium with the lowest C/N ratio of 1.5, whereas nrfA 0505 transcription occurred at low levels (≤3.4 × 10 -2 transcripts per cell) under all growth conditions. At intermediate C/N ratios, denitrification and respiratory ammonification occurred concomitantly, and both nrfA 0844 (5.5 transcripts per cell) and nirK (0.88 transcripts per cell) were transcribed. Recent findings suggest that organisms with both the denitrification and respiratory ammonification pathways are not uncommon in soil and sediment ecosystems, and strain PV-4 offers a tractable experimental system to explore regulation of dissimilatory NO 3 - /NO 2 - reduction pathways.
AB - Denitrification and respiratory ammonification are two competing, energy-conserving NO 3 - /NO 2 - reduction pathways that have major biogeochemical consequences for N retention, plant growth and climate. Batch and continuous culture experiments using Shewanella loihica strain PV-4, a bacterium possessing both the denitrification and respiratory ammonification pathways, revealed factors that determine NO 3 - /NO 2 - fate. Denitrification dominated at low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios (that is, electron donor-limiting growth conditions), whereas ammonium was the predominant product at high C/N ratios (that is, electron acceptor-limiting growth conditions). pH and temperature also affected NO 3 - /NO 2 - fate, and incubation above pH 7.0 and temperatures of 30 °C favored ammonium formation. Reverse-transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR analyses correlated the phenotypic observations with nirK and nosZ transcript abundances that decreased up to 1600-fold and 27-fold, respectively, under conditions favoring respiratory ammonification. Of the two nrfA genes encoded on the strain PV-4 genome, nrfA 0844 transcription decreased only when the chemostat reactor received medium with the lowest C/N ratio of 1.5, whereas nrfA 0505 transcription occurred at low levels (≤3.4 × 10 -2 transcripts per cell) under all growth conditions. At intermediate C/N ratios, denitrification and respiratory ammonification occurred concomitantly, and both nrfA 0844 (5.5 transcripts per cell) and nirK (0.88 transcripts per cell) were transcribed. Recent findings suggest that organisms with both the denitrification and respiratory ammonification pathways are not uncommon in soil and sediment ecosystems, and strain PV-4 offers a tractable experimental system to explore regulation of dissimilatory NO 3 - /NO 2 - reduction pathways.
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U2 - 10.1038/ismej.2014.201
DO - 10.1038/ismej.2014.201
M3 - Article
C2 - 25350157
AN - SCOPUS:84928584524
SN - 1751-7362
VL - 9
SP - 1093
EP - 1104
JO - ISME Journal
JF - ISME Journal
IS - 5
ER -