@article{b84dfa2f162d4f4d88dbb1cc3c07a38a,
title = "Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?",
abstract = "Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent-reported autism-related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent-reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non-Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95% CI 0.55, 1.06) relative to non-Hispanic White children. Higher maternal education was associated with reduced odds of both outcomes (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.51, 1.05 for ASD autism diagnosis and 0.4, 95% CI 0.29, 0.55 for SRS score). In addition, results suggested a lower likelihood of autism diagnosis but a higher likelihood of an SRS score > 65 in Black girls. Findings suggest lower diagnostic recognition of autism in non-Hispanic Black children, despite a similar degree of SRS-assessed autism-related traits falling in the clinically elevated range. Further work is needed to address this disparity.",
keywords = "autism, diagnosis, social responsiveness scale",
author = "{program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes} and Kristen Lyall and Dickerson, {Aisha S.} and Green, {Annette M.} and Seth Frndak and Croen, {Lisa A.} and Ames, {Jennifer L.} and Avalos, {Lyndsay A.} and Aschner, {Judy L.} and Bush, {Nicole R.} and Camargo, {Carlos A.} and Viren D'Sa and Dager, {Stephen R.} and Dunlop, {Anne L.} and Assiamira Ferrara and Ganiban, {Jody M.} and Gern, {James E.} and Gissandaner, {Tre D.} and Graff, {J. Carolyn} and Irva Hertz-Picciotto and Hipwell, {Alison E.} and Tengfei Ma and Meghan Miller and Laura Murphy and Karagas, {Margaret R.} and Kelly, {Rachel S.} and Amy Margolis and Daphne Koinis-Mitchell and McEvoy, {Cindy T.} and Daniel Messinger and Ruby Nguyen and Emily Oken and Sally Ozonoff and Page, {Grier P.} and Schantz, {Susan L.} and Schmidt, {Rebecca J.} and Shuster, {Coral L.} and Schweitzer, {Julie B.} and Sheinkopf, {Stephen J.} and Stanford, {Joseph B.} and Trevino, {Cindy O.} and Weiss, {Scott T.} and Volk, {Heather E.} and Joseph, {Robert M.} and Smith, {P. B.} and Newby, {L. K.} and Jacobson, {L. P.} and Catellier, {D. J.} and R. Gershon and D. Cella",
note = "Research reported in this publication was supported by the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, under Award Numbers U2COD023375 (Coordinating Center), U24OD023382 (Data Analysis Center), U24OD023319 with co\u2010funding from the Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research (PRO Core), UH3OD023251 (Alshawabkeh), UH3OD023320 (Aschner), UH3OD023332 (Trasande), UH3OD023253 (Camargo), UH3OD023248 (Dabelea), UH3OD023313 (Koinis Mitchell), UH3OD023328 (Duarte), UH3OD023318 (Dunlop), UH3OD023279 (Elliott), UH3OD023289 (Ferrara), UH3OD023282 (Gern), UH3OD023365 (Hertz\u2010Picciotto), UH3OD023244 (Hipwell), UH3OD023275 (Karagas), UH3OD023271 (Karr), UH3OD023347 (Lester), UH3OD023389 (Leve), UH3OD023268 (Weiss), UH3OD023288 (McEvoy), UH3OD023342 (Lyall), UH3OD023349 (O'Connor), UH3OD023286 (Oken), UH3OD023348 (O'Shea), UH3OD023285 (Kerver), UH3OD023290 (Herbstman), UH3OD023272 (Schantz), UH3OD023249 (Stanford), UH3OD023305 (Trasande), UH3OD023337 (Wright). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Funding:",
year = "2025",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1002/aur.3296",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "18",
pages = "648--659",
journal = "Autism Research",
issn = "1939-3792",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
number = "3",
}