D-Alanine: Distribution, origin, physiological relevance, and implications in disease

Cindy J. Lee; Tian A. Qiu; Jonathan V. Sweedler

doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140482

D-Alanine: Distribution, origin, physiological relevance, and implications in disease

Cindy J. Lee, Tian A. Qiu, Jonathan V. Sweedler

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

D-Alanine (D-Ala) is an unusual endogenous amino acid present in invertebrates and vertebrates. Compared to its L-isomer, the characterization of D-Ala is challenging because of the need for chiral resolution and the low amounts of the D-enantiomer present. With recent improvements in measurement capabilities, research on D-Ala, along with other D-amino acids, has been growing, especially as the functional significance of D-Ala in the mammalian nervous and endocrine systems is becoming known. Here we provide an overview of the distribution, origin, function, and disease implications of D-Ala.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	140482
Journal	Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics
Volume	1868
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140482
State	Published - Nov 2020

Keywords

Chiral metabolites
D-alanine
D-amino acids
Disease
Host-microbe
NMDA receptor

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Analytical Chemistry
Biophysics
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

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title = "D-Alanine: Distribution, origin, physiological relevance, and implications in disease",

abstract = "D-Alanine (D-Ala) is an unusual endogenous amino acid present in invertebrates and vertebrates. Compared to its L-isomer, the characterization of D-Ala is challenging because of the need for chiral resolution and the low amounts of the D-enantiomer present. With recent improvements in measurement capabilities, research on D-Ala, along with other D-amino acids, has been growing, especially as the functional significance of D-Ala in the mammalian nervous and endocrine systems is becoming known. Here we provide an overview of the distribution, origin, function, and disease implications of D-Ala.",

keywords = "Chiral metabolites, D-alanine, D-amino acids, Disease, Host-microbe, NMDA receptor",

author = "Lee, {Cindy J.} and Qiu, {Tian A.} and Sweedler, {Jonathan V.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge support by the American Diabetes Association Pathway to Stop Diabetes Grant No. 1-18-VSN-19 . T.A.Q. acknowledges support by a Beckman Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship, funded by a Beckman Foundation gift to the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. We thank Prof. Kenji Hamase for providing the high-resolution images in Figs. 4 and 5 .",

year = "2020",

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T2 - Distribution, origin, physiological relevance, and implications in disease

AU - Lee, Cindy J.

AU - Qiu, Tian A.

AU - Sweedler, Jonathan V.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge support by the American Diabetes Association Pathway to Stop Diabetes Grant No. 1-18-VSN-19 . T.A.Q. acknowledges support by a Beckman Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship, funded by a Beckman Foundation gift to the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. We thank Prof. Kenji Hamase for providing the high-resolution images in Figs. 4 and 5 .

PY - 2020/11

Y1 - 2020/11

N2 - D-Alanine (D-Ala) is an unusual endogenous amino acid present in invertebrates and vertebrates. Compared to its L-isomer, the characterization of D-Ala is challenging because of the need for chiral resolution and the low amounts of the D-enantiomer present. With recent improvements in measurement capabilities, research on D-Ala, along with other D-amino acids, has been growing, especially as the functional significance of D-Ala in the mammalian nervous and endocrine systems is becoming known. Here we provide an overview of the distribution, origin, function, and disease implications of D-Ala.

AB - D-Alanine (D-Ala) is an unusual endogenous amino acid present in invertebrates and vertebrates. Compared to its L-isomer, the characterization of D-Ala is challenging because of the need for chiral resolution and the low amounts of the D-enantiomer present. With recent improvements in measurement capabilities, research on D-Ala, along with other D-amino acids, has been growing, especially as the functional significance of D-Ala in the mammalian nervous and endocrine systems is becoming known. Here we provide an overview of the distribution, origin, function, and disease implications of D-Ala.

KW - Chiral metabolites

KW - D-alanine

KW - D-amino acids

KW - Disease

KW - Host-microbe

KW - NMDA receptor

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