@article{434f8f4358ba4afaabc71dd2149458e5,
title = "Critical transition in critical zone of intensively managed landscapes",
abstract = "Expansion and intensification of managed landscapes for agriculture have resulted in severe unintended global impacts, including degradation of arable land and eutrophication of receiving water bodies. Modern agricultural practices rely on significant direct and indirect human energy inputs through farm machinery and chemical use, respectively, which have created imbalances between increased rates of biogeochemical processes related to production and background rates of natural processes. We articulate how these imbalances have cascaded through the deep inter-dependencies between carbon, soil, water, nutrient and ecological processes, resulting in a critical transition of the critical zone and creating emergent inter-dependencies and co-evolutionary trajectories. Understanding of these novel organizations and function of the critical zone is vital for developing sustainable agricultural practices and environmental stewardship.",
keywords = "Agricultural intensification, Anthropogenic modification, Complex systems, Critical transition, Critical zone",
author = "Praveen Kumar and Le, {Phong V.V.} and Papanicolaou, {A. N.Thanos} and Rhoads, {Bruce L.} and Anders, {Alison M.} and Andrew Stumpf and Wilson, {Christopher G.} and Bettis, {E. Arthur} and Neal Blair and Ward, {Adam S.} and Timothy Filley and Henry Lin and Laura Keefer and Keefer, {Donald A.} and Lin, {Yu Feng} and Marian Muste and Royer, {Todd V.} and Efi Foufoula-Georgiou and Patrick Belmont",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by NSF Grant EAR-1331906 for the Critical Zone Observatory for Intensively Managed Landscapes (IML-CZO), a multi-institutional collaborative effort. Partial support from the following NSF grants are also acknowledged: CBET 1209402, ACI 1261582, EAR 1417444, ICER 1440315, ACI 1429699, DEB 1263559, EAR 1505309 and EAR 1748573. A grant from Joint Institute between Zhejiang University and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and collaborative effort with Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China are also acknowledged. Careful and critical edits to this submission by Charu G. Kumar and Allison Goodwell are gratefully acknowledged. Funding Information: This work was supported by NSF Grant EAR-1331906 for the Critical Zone Observatory for Intensively Managed Landscapes (IML-CZO), a multi-institutional collaborative effort. Partial support from the following NSF grants are also acknowledged: CBET 1209402, ACI 1261582, EAR 1417444, ICER 1440315, ACI 1429699, DEB 1263559, EAR 1505309 and EAR 1748573. A grant from Joint Institute between Zhejiang University and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , and collaborative effort with Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi{\textquoteright}an, China are also acknowledged. Careful and critical edits to this submission by Charu G. Kumar and Allison Goodwell are gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2018",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1016/j.ancene.2018.04.002",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "22",
pages = "10--19",
journal = "Anthropocene",
issn = "2213-3054",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}