TY - JOUR
T1 - Continuous wave threshold characteristics of coupled-cavity VCSELs
T2 - Experiment and model
AU - Zujewski, Mateusz
AU - Frasunkiewicz, Leszek
AU - Choquette, Kent
AU - Czyszanowski, Tomasz
AU - Thienpont, Hugo
AU - Panajotov, Krassimir
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - We carry out a detailed characterization of continuous wave threshold behavior of coupled-cavity vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with various radii of the ion-implantation and oxide apertures. We obtain modal threshold current maps and wavelength at threshold and identify three groups of lasers with qualitatively different behavior, i.e. 1) lasing only on the short, 2) on both short and long and 3) only on the long wavelength fundamental mode. All lasers show profound impact of the current induced self-heating. In order to elucidate this impact, we improve the existing rate equation model by considering nonuniform longitudinal temperature distribution and adding the gain and refractive index temperature dependencies. We are able to reproduce the experimentally observed switchings between different longitudinal modes, as well as all the three different types of modal behavior.
AB - We carry out a detailed characterization of continuous wave threshold behavior of coupled-cavity vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with various radii of the ion-implantation and oxide apertures. We obtain modal threshold current maps and wavelength at threshold and identify three groups of lasers with qualitatively different behavior, i.e. 1) lasing only on the short, 2) on both short and long and 3) only on the long wavelength fundamental mode. All lasers show profound impact of the current induced self-heating. In order to elucidate this impact, we improve the existing rate equation model by considering nonuniform longitudinal temperature distribution and adding the gain and refractive index temperature dependencies. We are able to reproduce the experimentally observed switchings between different longitudinal modes, as well as all the three different types of modal behavior.
KW - Coupled cavities
KW - VCSEL (vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers)
KW - rate equations
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U2 - 10.1109/JLT.2013.2287093
DO - 10.1109/JLT.2013.2287093
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84888081401
SN - 0733-8724
VL - 31
SP - 3726
EP - 3734
JO - Journal of Lightwave Technology
JF - Journal of Lightwave Technology
IS - 23
M1 - 6650038
ER -