TY - JOUR
T1 - COMPARISON of TRANSCUTANEOUS ULTRASOUND and COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY EVALUATION of KIDNEY SIZE and EVALUATION of ADRENAL GLAND SIZE USING ULTRASOUND in A COLONY of CALLIMICOS (CALLIMICO GOELDII)
AU - Johnson, James G.
AU - Langan, Jennifer N.
AU - Chinnadurai, Sathya K.
AU - Drees, Randi
AU - Warneke, Mark
AU - Allender, Matthew C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2018 by American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.
PY - 2018/12/1
Y1 - 2018/12/1
N2 - Both kidney and adrenal gland disease have been identified in callimicos (Callimico goeldii). Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) are routinely utilized in veterinary patients with suspected renal or adrenal disease to determine size, shape, and echogenicity of these organs. No previous US and CT kidney and adrenal gland measurements have been published for callimicos. In this study, 14 callimicos were anesthetized using isoflurane via facemask to evaluate kidney and adrenal gland size using US for both organs and CT for kidneys. Animals were considered clinically healthy based on history, physical examination, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, and abdominal US. Ultrasound organ measurements for length (L), width (W), and height (H) in centimeters (mean/median, 95% confidence interval) in clinically healthy animals were right kidney (L = 1.90, 1.76-2.01; W = 1.05, 0.97-1.13; H = 1.59, 1.48-1.69), left kidney (L = 1.84, 1.72-1.95; W = 1.16, 1.04-1.28; H = 1.54, 1.43-1.65), right adrenal gland (L = 0.38, 0.33-0.57; H = 0.19, 0.15-0.31) and left adrenal gland (L = 0.36, 0.32-0.39; H = 0.18, 0.17-0.20). All kidney measurements were positively correlated with animal weight (P < 0.05) but had no significant correlation to age. Measurements did not have any significant relationship to evaluated blood and urine parameters. Results from this study establish baseline measurements for callimico kidneys and adrenal glands to help clinicians use these imaging modalities for evaluation of these organs in this endangered species.
AB - Both kidney and adrenal gland disease have been identified in callimicos (Callimico goeldii). Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) are routinely utilized in veterinary patients with suspected renal or adrenal disease to determine size, shape, and echogenicity of these organs. No previous US and CT kidney and adrenal gland measurements have been published for callimicos. In this study, 14 callimicos were anesthetized using isoflurane via facemask to evaluate kidney and adrenal gland size using US for both organs and CT for kidneys. Animals were considered clinically healthy based on history, physical examination, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, and abdominal US. Ultrasound organ measurements for length (L), width (W), and height (H) in centimeters (mean/median, 95% confidence interval) in clinically healthy animals were right kidney (L = 1.90, 1.76-2.01; W = 1.05, 0.97-1.13; H = 1.59, 1.48-1.69), left kidney (L = 1.84, 1.72-1.95; W = 1.16, 1.04-1.28; H = 1.54, 1.43-1.65), right adrenal gland (L = 0.38, 0.33-0.57; H = 0.19, 0.15-0.31) and left adrenal gland (L = 0.36, 0.32-0.39; H = 0.18, 0.17-0.20). All kidney measurements were positively correlated with animal weight (P < 0.05) but had no significant correlation to age. Measurements did not have any significant relationship to evaluated blood and urine parameters. Results from this study establish baseline measurements for callimico kidneys and adrenal glands to help clinicians use these imaging modalities for evaluation of these organs in this endangered species.
KW - Adrenal gland
KW - Callimico goeldii
KW - computed tomography
KW - kidney
KW - ultrasound
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85059235993&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85059235993&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1638/2017-0078.1
DO - 10.1638/2017-0078.1
M3 - Article
C2 - 30592929
AN - SCOPUS:85059235993
SN - 1042-7260
VL - 49
SP - 887
EP - 892
JO - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
JF - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
IS - 4
ER -