@article{039a17b9537d49548ec0b33a6151e918,
title = "Comparison of different protocols for demineralization of cortical bone",
abstract = "Bone is a biological composite material consisting of two main components: collagen and mineral. Collagen is the most abundant protein in vertebrates, which makes it of high clinical and scientific interest. In this paper, we compare the composition and structure of cortical bone demineralized using several protocols: ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), formic acid (CH2O2), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and HCl/EDTA mixture. The efficiencies of these four agents were investigated by assessing the remaining mineral quantities and collagen integrity with various experimental techniques. Raman spectroscopy results show that the bone demineralized by the CH2O2 agent has highest collagen quality parameter. The HCl/EDTA mixture removes the most mineral, but it affects the collagen secondary structure as amide II bands are shifted as observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that HCl and EDTA are most effective in removing the mineral with bulk measurements. In summary, we conclude that HCl best demineralizes bone, leaving the well-preserved collagen structure in the shortest time. These findings guide on the best demineralization protocol to obtain high-quality collagen from bone for clinical and scientific applications.",
author = "Siyuan Pang and Su, {Frances Y.} and Amesha Green and Justin Salim and Joanna McKittrick and Iwona Jasiuk",
note = "Funding Information: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation, Biomaterials (grant numbers DMR-1507978 and 1507169) and a Multi-University Research Initiative through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant number AFOSR-FA9550-15-1-0009). This research was carried out in part in the Materials Research Laboratory Central Research Facilities at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). We thank Dr. Henry Schwarcz from McMaster University for providing an archeology perspective, Dr. Julio Soares in the Materials Research Laboratory at UIUC for guiding us on Raman spectroscopy, and Benjamin Cole Peterson from Meat Sciences Lab at UIUC for providing femurs. We also acknowledge the support from the San Diego Nanotechnology Infrastructure at the University of California at San Diego (UCSD), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure, which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (Grant number ECCS-1542148). Finally, we thank Sabine Faulhaber from the UCSD Nanoengineering Materials Research Center for help with the FTIR and TGA measurements. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s).",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1038/s41598-021-86257-4",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "11",
journal = "Scientific reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}