@article{acbbde1e41dd44c29f88bd4fdeafa764,
title = " Comparison between simulated and observed LHC beam backgrounds in the ATLAS experiment at E beam =4 TeV ",
abstract = "Results of dedicated Monte Carlo simulations of beam-induced background (BIB) in the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are presented and compared with data recorded in 2012. During normal physics operation this background arises mainly from scattering of the 4 TeV protons on residual gas in the beam pipe. Methods of reconstructing the BIB signals in the ATLAS detector, developed and implemented in the simulation chain based on the \textsc{Fluka} Monte Carlo simulation package, are described. The interaction rates are determined from the residual gas pressure distribution in the LHC ring in order to set an absolute scale on the predicted rates of BIB so that they can be compared quantitatively with data. Through these comparisons the origins of the BIB leading to different observables in the ATLAS detectors are analysed. The level of agreement between simulation results and BIB measurements by ATLAS in 2012 demonstrates that a good understanding of the origin of BIB has been reached.",
keywords = "Accelerator modelling and simulations (multi-particle dynamics, Radiation calculations, Simulation methods and programs, single-particle dynamics)",
author = "{The ATLAS Collaboration} and M. Aaboud and G. Aad and B. Abbott and O. Abdinov and B. Abeloos and Abidi, {S. H.} and Abouzeid, {O. S.} and Abraham, {N. L.} and H. Abramowicz and H. Abreu and Y. Abulaiti and Acharya, {B. S.} and S. Adachi and L. Adamczyk and J. Adelman and M. Adersberger and A. Adiguzel and T. Adye and Affolder, {A. A.} and Y. Afik and C. Agheorghiesei and Aguilar-Saavedra, {J. A.} and F. Ahmadov and G. Aielli and S. Akatsuka and {\AA}kesson, {T. P.A.} and E. Akilli and Akimov, {A. V.} and Alberghi, {G. L.} and J. Albert and P. Albicocco and Verzini, {M. J.Alconada} and S. Alderweireldt and M. Aleksa and Aleksandrov, {I. N.} and C. Alexa and G. Alexander and T. Alexopoulos and M. Alhroob and B. Ali and G. Alimonti and J. Alison and Alkire, {S. P.} and C. Allaire and Allbrooke, {B. M.M.} and Allen, {B. W.} and Hooberman, {B. H.} and Outschoorn, {V. I.Martinez} and Neubauer, {M. S.} and Sickles, {A. M.}",
note = "Funding Information: Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d{\textquoteright} Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. Funding Information: We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COL-CIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZ{\v S}, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.",
year = "2018",
month = dec,
day = "4",
doi = "10.1088/1748-0221/13/12/P12006",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "13",
journal = "Journal of Instrumentation",
issn = "1748-0221",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "12",
}