Comparative Study of Digital Electronics Learning: Using PCB versus Traditional Methods in an Experiment-Centered Pedagogy (ECP) Approach for Engineering Students

In the dynamic landscape of engineering education, the significance of hands-on experimentation in Digital Electronics, including Computer Architecture and Digital Logic, cannot be understated. The core inquiry of this study is determining whether the integration of standalone printed circuit board (PCB) hardware augments conceptual understanding and engagement compared to conventional electronic instrument-based methods. Although both methods use the experiment-centered pedagogy (ECP) framework, the objective is to identify which method provides enhanced comprehension of core concepts and practical applications. Using a quantitative method anchored in pragmatic research philosophy, the efficacy of learning outcomes and practical applications were scrutinized. One semester leveraged PCB tools, while the previous semester utilized conventional techniques. Feedback was garnered from educators and students, with SPSS facilitating statistical analysis. Additionally, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) were utilized for sentiment analysis. The comparative study highlights the superiority of the PCB method over traditional approaches in digital electronics education for engineering students. Key findings include a 23% higher initial comprehension score (83% for PCB vs. 60% for traditional in pre-test)and a slight edge in retention and understanding (80% for PCB vs. 76% for traditional in post-test). Active learning and hands-on activities were significantly more prevalent in PCB classes, with a 100% engagement rate in practical group activities compared to none in traditional settings. Sentiment analysis showed a 75% positive response towards the PCB method, indicating a strong preference and perceived effectiveness among students. These results indicate that PCB incorporation augments supported learning and the grasp of core concepts and positively influences student perceptions and conceptions. This proactive engagement pushes learners towards a collaborative learning environment, accentuating group discussions, peer tutoring, and troubleshooting activities. To conclude, traditional methods have their place, but PCB integration in the Digital Electronics curriculum seems paramount in elevating learning efficacy and student engagement, underlining the imperative of hands-on, experiential learning in today's engineering education framework.