@article{5865dda9b4304127bb3cbd1612573f21,
title = "Combining Nuclear and Mitochondrial Loci Provides Phylogenetic Information in the Philopterus Complex of Lice (Psocodea: Ischnocera: Philopteridae)",
abstract = "The Philopterus Complex includes several lineages of lice that occur on birds. The complex includes the genera Philopterus (Nitzsch, 1818; Psocodea: Philopteridae), Philopteroides (Mey, 2004; Psocodea: Philopteridae), and many other lineages that have sometimes been regarded as separate genera. Only a few studies have investigated the phylogeny of this complex, all of which are based on morphological data. Here we evaluate the utility of nuclear and mitochondrial loci for recovering the phylogeny within this group. We obtained phylogenetic trees from 39 samples of the Philopterus Complex (Psocodea: Philopteridae), using sequences of two nuclear (hyp and TMEDE6) and one mitochondrial (COI) marker. We evaluated trees derived from these genes individually as well as from concatenated sequences. All trees show 20 clearly demarcated taxa (i.e., putative species) divided into five well-supported clades. Percent sequence divergence between putative species (~5-30%) for the COI gene tended to be much higher than those for the nuclear genes (~1-15%), as expected. In cases where species are described, the lineages identified based on molecular divergence correspond to morphologically defined species. In some cases, species that are host generalists exhibit additional underlying genetic variation and such cases need to be explored by further future taxonomic revisions of the Philopterus Complex.",
keywords = "Genetic divergence, Molecular data, Passeriformes, Phthiraptera, INHS",
author = "Tomas Najer and Ivo Papousek and Oldrich Sychra and Sweet, {Andrew D.} and Johnson, {Kevin P.}",
note = "Funding Information: Tomas Najer's visit to INHS, where the first part of work was done, was funded by project of the Internal Mobility Agency of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno 2014-FVHE-01. This work was also supported by the United States National Science Foundation Grants DEB-1239788, DEB-1342604, and DEB-1925487 to K.P.J. We thank Alfred Trnka (University of Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia), Anastasia Diakou (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece), Daniel R. Gustafsson (Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resources, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China), Ivan Literak (Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia), Ramon Soto Madrid (Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway), Pedro Rodrigues (Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Polo dos Acores, Universidade dos Acores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal), and Nguyen Manh Hung (Department of Parasitology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam), without all of whom gathering of the samples would not be possible. The specimens were collected in accordance with permit no.69/2013/DRA issued by the Direco Regional do Ambi-ente dos Aores in the Azores, permit arranged by Ramon Soto Madrid, Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway (number not known) in Borneo, permit 9-3, Athens 26-9-13, Protocol No. 136076/2638 in Greece, permit Resolucin-DE-MP-063-2014 issued by the Instituto Nacional de Conservacin y Desarrollo Forestal in Honduras, permit no. 157-2010 of Jordbruksverket in Sweden, and permits no. 817/UBND-NV for Bac Kan province, no. 6082/UBND-TH for Dong Nai province, and no. 4656/UBND-VP for Ba Ria-Vung Tau province in Vietnam. The specimens in Czechia and Slovakia were collected within general ringing events, with no special permits required. T.N. was approved to catch birds in Czechia based on the general ringing license no. 1203. The collecting in Slovakia was covered by the general ringing license of Alfred Trnka, University of Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia. We are also indebted to anonymous reviewer for many valuable suggestions how to improve our manuscript.",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/jme/tjaa166",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "58",
pages = "252--260",
journal = "Journal of medical entomology",
issn = "0022-2585",
publisher = "Entomological Society of America",
number = "1",
}