@article{dd6d77181b19438d9aa90fc68e0ce241,
title = "Clostridium scindens: history and current outlook for a keystone species in the mammalian gut involved in bile acid and steroid metabolism",
abstract = "Clostridium scindens is a keystone bacterial species in the mammalian gut that, while low in abundance, has a significant impact on bile acid and steroid metabolism. Numerous studies indicate that the two most studied strains of C. scindens (i.e. ATCC 35704 and VPI 12708) are important for a myriad of physiological processes in the host. We focus on both historical and current microbiological and molecular biology work on the Hylemon–Bj{\"o}rkhem pathway and the steroid-17,20-desmolase pathway that were first discovered in C. scindens. Our most recent analysis now calls into question whether strains currently defined as C. scindens represent two separate taxonomic groups. Future directions include developing genetic tools to further explore the physiological role of bile acid and steroid metabolism by strains of C. scindens and the causal role of these pathways in host physiology and disease.",
keywords = "7α-dehydroxylation, Clostridium scindens, Hylemon–Bj{\"o}rkhem pathway, gut microbiome, secondary bile acids, steroids, sterolbiome",
author = "Daniel, \{Steven L.\} and Ridlon, \{Jason M.\}",
note = "The authors would like to express their deepest appreciation to the following individuals: Carl Bokkenheuser for pictures and information about his uncle Victor D. Bokkenheuser; Michala Biondi, archivist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, for information about Victor D. Bokkenheuser during his time at St. Luke\textbackslash{}u2019s-Roosevelt Hospital Center in New York; Sheryl Locascio, Anne Mosenthal, Emilia Sordillo, and Irene Grant for information and their reflections on working with Victor Bokkenheuser; Jacqui Winter for the picture of her mother Jeanette Winter; Anna Cerone-McLernon for the picture of herself; George Morris for the picture of himself; Sheryl O\textbackslash{}u2019Rourke-Locascio for the picture of herself; Doris Hammann for the picture of her late husband Rainer Hammann; John Jackson at Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University for the pictures of Lillian Moore and W.E.C. Moore; Jeff Karr, archivist at the American Society for Microbiology, for the photo and information about Elizabeth Cato; Mark Kehrli, former Director of the National Animal Disease Center in Ames, Iowa, and Diana Whipple for photos of Alfred Ritchie; Steven Daniel for the picture of Phillip Hylemon and Bryan White; Amy Krafft for the picture of herself; Jen and Linda Macdonald for the picture of Ian Macdonald; Hebba Beech at the Microbiology Society for permission to reuse the electron micrograph photo of C. scindens ATCC 35704; and Takeshi Katagiri from RIKEN and the Japanese Collection of Microorganisms for permission to reuse the Gram stain and colonies-on-plate photos of C. scindens 35704. We would also like to thank Prof. Phillip B. Hylemon for helpful discussions relating to early collaborative efforts to characterize C. scindens strains. We thank Prof. Rafael C. Bernardi, Auburn University, for images of VMD models of BaiE. J.M.R. is supported by grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (R03AI147127) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM134423). J.M.R. is supported by grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (R03AI147127) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM134423).",
year = "2025",
doi = "10.1093/femsre/fuaf016",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "49",
journal = "FEMS Microbiology Reviews",
issn = "0168-6445",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
}